Academic Discourse

ACADEMIC DISCOURSE

Discourse Communities

The Publication Cycle

Data/commentary

How to become notorious:
Forget to cite your sources. The biggest reason that students fail to cite sources is fear that they have nothing creative of their own to say. But, of course you don't. You are in your apprenticeship hears in your field, and rarely do original research worthy of publication. So, you shadow other scholars much as an apprentice electrician would watch and help out.

Purpose = documentation of methods and results

Document is unpublished

record of research,

lab notes

data files

Author = researcher(s)

Audience = self/project

Personal communication/reporting of preliminary findings

Purpose = benefit from experience of others and reciprocation

Document =
- Unpublished letters, emails,
- Oral presentations/poster sessions at meetings (sometimes with published abstracts)
- Papers published in "proceedings" of annual meetings or symposia within conferences
Author = researcher(s)
Audience = research peers, funding sources

Primary Literature

Purpose = first report of research results, opportunity for criticism, widen knowledge pool

Document = a "refereed"/"peer reviewed" article published in one of the following:
- "scholarly" journals (e.g. Modern Philology, Diacritics, Science, etc.),
- research report series (from Forest Service, The Linguistic Society of America, etc.)
- professional journal which included peer review for some articles (Journal of Forestry, International Journal of Wilderness, etc.)
- Websites especially .gov/.edu (publicly funded research) but also some .org sites as well (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, "American Memory," Library of Congress).
- student paper, thesis, dissertation (peers and professors referee, the better papers are sometimes given a wider audience, as at Luminarium)
Author = researcher(s)
Audience = research peers/professors

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