MAHN-LOT NTS Marianne Mahn-Lot Columbus Grove Press Inc. NY 1961, 10 pgs. A biography of Columbus. Includes a calendar of events from 1451, birth of Columbus, to 1506, his death.
MANCERA1 ART Article by Miguel Mancera Aguayo, Director del Banco de México, "La Escuela de Salamanca y de las Indias," from Excelsior, Ediciones Especiales, México, D.F., August 12, 1992.
MANDELL1 SPK "'Changes in Latitude: Changes in Attitude': Indians and Puritans, 1640-1740" by Daniel Mandell Paper presented at "Puritanism in Old and New England," Millersville University, April 4-6, 1991. This paper deals with the changing attitudes of Puritans in New England towards the Indians of this period and how these attitudes affected the Indian communities in New England.
MARCH-01 ART "The Maroons of Jamaica" by Sydney March. Encounters. Spring 1990, pp. 25-26. A recount of the early revolts of the freed slaves in the Caribbean.
MARCH-02 ART "The Maroons: Dark Warriors of the Spanish Main" by Sydney March in The New World, Spring/Summer 1991, No. 2, p. 3. A brief history of the Maroons (African slaves from the Guinea coast) in the West Indies.
MARTKEL1 ART "Germ n Arciniegas: America was Invented: Now We Must Discover It" Interview by José Tono Martínez, translated by Sharon Kellum in Encounters (February 1992, No. 8, pp. 4-7). This article is based on one of the lectures Germ n Arciniegas, the Columbian historian, essayist, diplomat and statesman gave in Washington, D.C., and on a personal interview.
MARTINE2 ART "Naturaleza y Naturaleza Humana; los Encuentros Entre Culturas Alejadas en el Tiempo" by Jorge Martínez Contreras, Profesor de Filosofía del Departamento de Filosofía de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México. Article in Spanish from Excelsior Ediciones Especiales (No.12) México, September 14, 1992. Genetic interchanges not only of vegatables and animals of different ecosys- tems but also of the three major cultures: Asians-Americans, Europeans, and Africans.
MARTINE3 ART "Carlos Fuentes: Neither Discovery Nor Encounter but the Imagining of America," interview by Jose Tono Martínez and translated by Sharon Kellum. In Encounter (Issue 10 pp. 4-7.)
MARTY-01 ART "The Clamor over Columbus" by Martin E. Marty in Christian History Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3). This article examines the causes of Columbus's expedition to the New World along with what Christians can do now toheal the wounds.
MARVELS1 ART "1992-93 Academic Theme to Celebrate Columbus" by Susan Marvel in The Snapper, Millersville University Student Newspaper (February 19, 1992, pp. 5-6). This article discusses the events Millersville University has scheduled to commemorate the Columbian Quincentenary.
MATHEWS1 ART "In Quest of the True Columbus, 'Scientists Hope to Set- tle 4 Cities Claims of Having Explorer's Remains.'" 13 OCT 8, 3 1/2 pgs. In depth discussion /speculation of Columbus' remains.
MAZARR01 ART "Spain Welcomes a Diversity of Views" by Rafael Mazarrasa in Encounters (Issue 10 Page 19). The president of the Spain '92 Foundation reflects on the contemporary significance of the Columbian Quincentennial.
MCNEILL1 ART "How Columbus Remade the World" NEH Humanities Dec '85 Discussion of Pre-Columbian travel and the impact of Europeans on American natives
MENON-01 HTML "The New Americans" by Shanti Menon in Discover: The World of Science, January 1997. Article describes recent interpretations of information found decades ago at Clovis and Folsom in New Mexico.
MESTRE01 ART "The Quito School of Painting" by Ana M. Mestre. Five Hundred Magazine. April 1990, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 19-20. Talks about the history and evolution of colonial painting in Quito in the Baroque Era.
MICOZZI1 ART "Health and Disease in the New World" by Marc S. Micozzi, M.D., Ph.D., in Encounters, Double Issue No. 5-6, pp. 42-43. Discusses diseases in the Americas--both those before Columbus' arrival and those brought by the conquistadors-- including some of their effects.
MILBRTH1 ART "The Contact Years: 1492-1570" Archaeology Jan/Feb 90 3 1/2 pgs. Talks about a quincentenial celebration display of artifacts and dioramas covering the first century of post- Columbus contact.
MILLER01 ART "The High Price of Sugar" by Susan Miller in Newsweek, Special Issue, Fall/Winter 1991, pp. 70-74. To satisfy Europe's fondness for sweets and sugar, West Indian planters turned to Africa for plantation labor. Discusses slavery and the beginning of Europe's sugar industry.
MILLER02 ART "Why Did Columbus Sail" by Kevin A. Miller in Christian History Issue 35 (Vol XI, No 3). This article describes the "real" reasons for Columbus's voyage across the Atlantic.
MILLOY01 ART "Who Discovered America" The Washington Post 14 OCT 86 2 1/2 pgs. Our view of history and how we teach it.
MIRANDA1 ART "Del Pasado Cautivo, al Colonialismo Posmoderno by Mario Miranda Pacheco, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Article in Spanish from Excelsior, Ediciones Especiales (No. 9) Mexico, June 12, 1992. Colonialism of the "New World" took place once it was discovered. This allowed for a geographical intergration of the world and also produced the roots to proverty and backwardness for three fourths of the Earth.
MIRANDA2 ART Article in Spanish by Mario Miranda Pacheco, Escritor Boliviano, Catedr tico de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM, entitled "Del Pasado Cautivo al Colonialismo Posmoderno" from Excelsior, Ediciones Especiales, Mexico, D.F., August 12, 1992.
MITGANG1 ART "IBM Exhibit Honors Columbus' Anniversary" The New York Times 15 FEB 88 2 pgs. IBM exhibit, some good history.
MIXON-01 ART "Educators advise on racial Identity" by Bernie Mixon in the Sunday Patriot-News (Sunday, April 26, 1992 p. A3). This article decribes how race-identity affects them internally.
MOLANDR1 ART "Columbus was a Latitude Sailor" by Arne B. Molander. Encounters: A Quincentenary Review, Summer 1990, pp. 12-15. Arne B. Molander inqugurates a lively debate on the technical aspects of Columbus's voyages.
MOLNOR01 ART "Did Seaweed Lead Columbus to the Antilles?" Arne B. Molander and James N. Norris in Encounters, Double Issue No. 5-6, p. 49. Another hypothesis to explain Columbus's amazingly accurate navigation across the Atlantic.
MORAL01 ART Article by Dr. Francisco Morales Padron of Sevilla. In Spanish from local newspapers. "Denuesto y comprension de un pasado" in La Provincia (Sunday, 01/01/1989)
MORAL02 ART "Interrogatorio a los sevillanos ilustres de la Biblioteca Colombina" by Francisco Morales Padron in A B C (January 10, 1986).
MORAL03 ART "Castilla, unica promotora y responsable" by Francisco Morales Padron in: A B C (June 9, 1986)
MORAL04 ART "De Colon a Fidel Castro" by Francisco Morales Padron in A B C (October 9, 1986)
MORAL05 ART "Lo que no se ha hecho para el 92" by Francisco Morales Padron in La Provincia (January 24, 1988).
MORAL06 ART "La mistica del 92" by Francisco Morales Padron in A B C (April 14, 1988).
MORAL07 ART "El tiempo que queda" by Francisco Morales Padron in A B C (April 30, 1988).
MORAL08 ART "Descubrimiento, encuentro y otros eufemismos" by Francisco Morales Padron in: A B C (March 5, 1986).
MORAL09 ART "Reyes de Espana en el monasterio de las cuevas" by Fran- cisco Morales Padron in A B C (September 18, 1988).
MORAL10 ART "Aquella madrugada del 11 al 12 de octubre" by Francisco Morales Padron in: A B C (October 12, 1988).
MORAL11 ART "Sinfonía del Nuevo Mundo" by Francisco Morales Padrón in La Provincia, S bado, 19 de octubre de 1991, p. 2. An article in Spanish.
MORGANT1 ART "Slavery: How It Built the New World" by Tom Morganthau in Newsweek, Special Issue, Fall/Winter 1991, pp. 66-69. The brutal truth is this: without the slave labor of 10 million Africans, the Americas would not have been developed.
MORISON1 NTS Samuel Eliot Morison. The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America Oxford University Press, New York, 1978 6pgs. These selections are a biography of Columbus.
MOTA-1 ART "Being and Becoming an Indian: The Case of the Shoko and Kariri-Shoko of Northeast Brazil" by Clarice Novaes da Mota from Proteus, Volume 9, Number 1, fall 1992. Published by Shippensburg University. Impact and effects of Europeancolonization process on two Brazilian national populations.
MURRIN01 ART "The European Age of Exploration: A Chronology and a Selected Bibliography" Chronology: The Americas, Africa, and Europe In the Age of Exploration. by Mary R. Murrin, New Jersey Historical Commission Department of State. This article consists of a chronology of North America from 7000 BC to AD 1700.
NAGIN-01 ART Arts and Antiques. May 1990, pp. 98-104, 134-145. How the plundered treasure from the greatest archaeological discovery ever made in the Americas--the graves of the Lords of Sipan--was smuggled onto the international ART market.
NCSS-01 ART "The Columbian Quincentenary: An Educational Opportunity" An official position statement developed by National Council for the Social Studies, October 1991. May be reproduced without permission. The goals and objectives of the NCSS in reference to the teaching of the Columbian Quincentenary are outlined in this article.
NERI-1 ART An article by Rolando Neri Vela, Prof. e Invest. del Centro Médico Naval, "El Descubrimiento de la Quinina," from Excelsior, Ediciones Especiales, Mexico, D.F., August 12, 1992.
NERI-2 ART "El Origen de la Enfermedad Entre los Mexicas" by Rolando Neri Vela, Profesor e Investigador del Centro Médico Naval, article from Ediciones Especiales, Excelsior (No.8), Reforma 18-4 piso, Mexico, D. F., May 12, 1992. In Spanish.
NEWATLAS ART "Space age brings new atlas" in: The New World (Spring 1990, No. 1), about satellite coverage and how it is changing the face of the Earth; sharper images than ever before.
NEWSBRF1 ART "Newsbriefs." Archaeology, September/October 1990, pp. 14-15. Short articles concerning recent archaeological news.
NEWSWK01 ART "The U.N. Holds a 'Historic' Debate" in Newsweek (December 13, 1982). Debate at U.N. on whether or not 1992 should be declared the "Year of the Fifth Centennial of the Discovery of America."
NEWTON NTS Arthur Percival Newton The Great Age of Discovery Burt and Franklin, NY 1970. 24 pgs. Discusses the continuity of history, calls in to question historians' arbitrary assignment of timeframes to historical periods.
NEWWRLD1 ART "Quincentenary Calendar: Exhibits, Events and Publications" in The New World, Spring/Summer 1991, No. 2, p. 2. A calendar of exhibits, events and publications planned by the Smithsonian Institution.
NIAFCCQJ LTR 1 page letter from the National Italian American Founda- tion and Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission. Letter offers a multiethnic point of view on the upcoming Quncentenary celebration.
NIETO-01 ART "Columbus's Spain" by Jose Manuel Nieto Soria in OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 5, No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 18-19. Columbus's arrival in Spain and his formulation of the Enterprise of the Indies neatly coincided with Spain's history as well as its then-current events (i.e., Columbus was the "right man in the right place").
NORWOOD1 ART "Columbus' First Landing Moved 65 Miles" Los Angeles Times 9 OCT 86 2 pgs. A report on the National Geographic Society's findings of Columbus' first landing site.
OBREGON1 SPK Mauricio Obregon. "Columbus' First Landfall" Delivered at the Phileas Conference in November 1989 at Ft. Lauderdale. 20pgs. Discussion of Columbus' navigation including: dead reckoning, latitude sailing, magnetic variation and units of measurement.
PAEZ-01 ART "Circa 1492: ART in the Age of Exploration" by Anthony Pez Mullan in Encounter (Vol. 7, pp. 35-39). This article tells about the exhibit, "Circa 1492: ART in the Age of Exploration", showing at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C..
PAHMC590 EXB Columbus Quincentenary Celebration. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. A list of activities sponsored by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission for the Columbus Quincentenary Celebration that are under way or will be undertaken in the near future in Pennsylvania.
PALMER01 ART "The Early Black Diaspora in the Americas: The First Century After Columbus" by Colin Palmer in OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 5, No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 27-30. Black history in the first century after 1492 and in early America.
PARRA-1 ART "Las Especias, en el Centro de la Historia del Mundo," by Manuel Lopez de la Parra, Colaborador de Excelsior. Article from Ediciones Especiales (No.13), Mexico, D. F., October 12, 1992. The discovery of the "New World" was basically to gain control and perserve the "market" .
PARREI01 ART "A primeira «conquista» de Benguela" by Adriano Parreira in Historia, XII, No. 128, May 1990, pp. 65-68. Article in Portuguese.
PARRENT1 ART "Zeroing in on the Capitana and the Santiago" by James Parrent, Hawk Tolson, Paul Willoughby, Derek Ryter, and Marianne Franklin in Archaeology, January/Febraury 1991 pp. 53-54. Archaeologists are looking for the remains of the Santiago and the Capitana in St. Ann's Bay; located three possible locations so far.
PARRY-01 NTS Selected passages from: J. H. Parry, The European Reconnaissance: Selected Documents, Walker and Co., New York, 1968. Illustrates the European discovery of the remainder of the world from Asia and Africa to the Americas.
PARRY-02 NTS Notes on the book by J.H. Parry, The Age of Reconnaissance, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland & New York, 1963.
PECK-01 ART "Columbus used Dead Reckoning Navigation in His 1492 Voyage of Discovery to the New World" by Douglas Peck. Encounters: A Quincentenary Review, Summer 1990, pp. 18-21. Peck claims that Columbus lacked knowledge of celestial navigation and used dead reckoning instead.
PECK-01 REV A review of Pecks 1993 book entitled Cristoforo Colombo: God's Navigator by Thomas C. Tirado, professor of history and sysop of CIRS on Columbus and the Age of Discovery at Millersville University.
PECK-01 SPK Douglas T. Peck. "Reconstruction and Analysis of the 1492 Columbus Log" Delivered at the Phileas Conference in November 1989 at Ft. Lauderdale. 31 pgs. Discussion of the Columbus 'log' by a man who sailed the route following Columbus' recorded directions.
PENA-R-1 ART "An Encounter with History" by Alfonso Pena-Ramos for the Millersville University's Review, Spring 1992
PERCOCO1 ART "An Examination of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition", Lesson Plan by James A. Percoco in OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 5, No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 41-42. A one-period lesson plan to inform students about the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.
PEREAL1 ART "El V Centenario y los Olvidos de la Historia" by Hector Perea, Escritor méxicano. Article in Spanish from Excelsior, Ediciones Especiales (No. 9) Mexico, June 12, 1992. About not only remembering the discovery of the "New World", but also remembering the history after the discovery. Focus on Spain and Mexico.
PEREZ-01 ART "Aquella primera conmemoracion del descubrimiento" by Antonio Perez in America 92 (IV Centenario del Descubrimiento de America).
PEREZ-02 ART "Quid de victis faciamus" by Antonio Perez. Article in Spanish.
PEREZ-03 ART "Souvenirs quinientistas del Caribe" by Antonio Perez in Presencia Hispanica, Numero 2, 1988, pp. 30-33. Article in Spanish.
PEREZ-04 ART "Todas las sangres" by Antonio Perez in Nuestra casa comun, October 12, 1990, pp. 35-40. Article in Spanish.
PEREZ-05 ART "Cuarenta millones de desconocidos" by Antonio Perez in America '92, Septiembre-Noviembre 1989, No. 2, pp. 10-11. Article in Spanish.
PEREZ-06 ART "Indoamerica" by Antonio Perez. Article in Spanish.
PERLMTR1 ART "I think the Indians Discovered America" The New York Times 10 OCT 87 2 pgs. Lists claims and quarrels of myriad nations and ethnic groups as to who played the most essential roles in the 'discovery of America.'
PFEIFFE1 ART "The Mysterious Rise and Decline of Monte Alban" by John E. Pfeiffer. Smithsonian. February 1980, Vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 62-74. In Mexico anthropologists plot trajectory of a great civilization that bloomed before Columbus and then inexplicably disappeared.
PHILLIP1 ART "The Textbook Columbus: Examining the Myth" by Carla R. Phillips and William D. Phillips, Jr. in Humanities, Vol. 12, No. 5, September/October 1991, pp. 27-30. Examination of textbooks, biographies and histories written from 1777 to today in search of the changing images of Columbus.
PHILLIP2 ART An article by Carla Rahn Phillips, "Sources for the Life and Times of Christopher Columbus," from Society for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Bulletin (Winter 1992, Vol. XVII, No. 1, pp. 8-18). Historiography.
PHILLIP3 ART An article by Carla Rahn Phillips and William D. Phillips, "Christopher Columbus in United States History: Biography as Projection." Good historical survey of the history of the history of Columbus.
PHILLIPS4 ART "Voyage of Destiny" by William D. Phillips, Jr., and Carla Rahn Phillips in American History Illustrated (pp 29-70). Columbus's early struggles in receiveing backing for his quest to find a route to the East from the courts of Portugual and Spain, using an abstract from Columbus's own diary kept during the first voyage of 1492.
PINZON-1 ART "Descubrimiento de América, Empresa Andaluza?" (Sin los Pinzones, y especialmente sin Martin Alonso, como sostiene su homónimo, Colón no hubiera llegado a América y, sobre todo, no hubiera podido regresar a Europa.) By Marin Alonso Pinzon, Santiago de Chile. Ediciones Especiales,(No. 13), Oct. 12, 1992. About the important role that the Pinzon family played.
PIRES-01 ART "Image of the Indian in Portugal and U.S. didn't reflect reality" by: Maria Laura Bettencourt Pires in: The New World (Spring 1990, No. 1). A focus on the Indian-white relations and the conflict of values and ideas behind the darker side of the European westward expansion, which gave rise to and supported white attitudes toward the Indian.
PLAZAS1 ART "Gold of El Dorado: Technology of Ancient Colombian Gold" by Clemencia Plazas and Ana Maria Falchetti de Saenz. Natural History. November 1979, Vol. 88, No. 9, pp. 36-46. Section about a dramatic exhibition--more than 500 pieces of prehistoric gold and pottery--that went on a National Tour beginning in November 13, 1979.
POHLNEWC NTS Frederick J. Pohl The New Columbus Security Press, New York.1968 6pgs. Biography of Christopher Columbus.
POHLVESP NTS Amerigo Vespucci, Pilot Major Octagon Books, New York. 1966. A biography of Amerigo Vespucci.
POLZER01 ART "The Quincentenary and the Superbowl Sunday Syndrome" by: Charles W. Polzer in: Five Hundred Magazine, Volume 1/No. 1; May/June 1989. This articles describes the method of American celebration and how America will celebrate the Quincentenary in 1992.
PORTER-1 ART "The Scientific Cosmos Of Columbus: An Overview" BY Charlotte M. Porter From Proteus Volume 9. Number 1. Fall 1992. Published by Shippensburg University. Survey. Bibliography
PRESS-01 ART "Columbus, Stay Home!" by Aric Press, Patricia King, Karen Springen, Shawn D. Lewis, Michael Mason and Lucille Beachy in Newsweek, June 24, 1991, pp. 54-55. A bitter debate over Columbus's 500th anniversary.