ABERCRM1 ART "When the Moors Ruled Spain" from the National Geographic, July, 1988, by Thomas Abercrombie.

ACHEN-01 ART "Debating Columbus in A New World" by Joel Achenbach in The Washington Post National Weekly Edition, October 7-13, 1991, pp. 11-12. Shows both sides of the debate on how the Quincentenary should be commemorated and gives a detached, scientific view of Columbus' voyages and their consequences.

ALBION NTS Robert, G. Albion. Exploration and Discovery Macmillan Company, NY 1965 14 pgs. Discusses excitement and environment of the Age of Discovery and its impact on the Iberian Peninsula.

ALDEN-1 REV "Old Foods in the New World" by John R. Alden in Natural History (May 1994, Vol. 103, No. 5, pp. 76-79). Review of Sophie Coe's book, "America's First Cuisines," a study of the cuisine of the Aztec, Maya and Inca Indians.

ALLMAN01 ART "Lost Empires of the Americas" by William F. Allman with Joannie M. Schrof in: U.S. News and World Report (April 2, 1990). About newly found artifacts from archaeological digs, providing clues to the history of Andean civilizations.

ALTABE01 ART "The Significance of 1492 to the Jews and Muslims of Spain" by David Fintz Altabé in Hispania (September 1992 pp. 728-731). This article presents an example of a lesson to be taught concerning the Jewish and Muslim influence on science, mathematics, and navigaition during the time of Columbus.

ALVA-01 ART "Discovering the New World's Richest Unlooted Tomb" by Walter Alva in National Geographic, Vol. 174, No. 4, Oct. 1988, pp. 510-48. A new tomb, left unlooted by huaqueros, was discovered in Sipan, Peru. After careful excavation, the tomb has proved to be the richest unlooted tomb ever discovered and has provided valuable informtion on the Moche.

ARIDJIS1 ART "The Meeting of Two Natures" by Homero Aridjis in The Christian Science Monitor (Thursday, April 9, 1992, p. 19). This article discusses the exchange of plants and animals between the Native Americans and Columbus and the consequences of this interaction on the natural environment.

ASCD-01 REV ASCD Columbian Quincentennial Network and Clearinghouse Newsletter, Sept., 1991. This newsletter contains an annotated bibliography of books related to the quincentenary that are suitable for school age children.

ATKINSON NTS William L. Atkinson. A History of Spain and Portugal Penguin Books, London 1960. 2pgs. Discusses key points in the history of the Iberian Peninsula starting with the reconquest.

BARRON01 ART "He's the explorer/Exploiter You Just Have to Love/Hate" by James Barron in The New York Times (October 12, 1992 p. B7). This article presents the two sides of the Columbus Day celebrations. One being Columbus as a hero; the other being Columbus as a villain.

BOOTH-01 ART An article by William Booth entitled "Whispers From a Maya Tomb: In a mystery of the past, a warning for the future" from the Washington Post National Weekly Edition, p. 10, 6/10-16, 1991. Article discusses recent research at Dos Pilas, Guatemala and a possible answer for the fall of the Mayas.

BOWER-01 ART "Goodbye Columbus, Hello Samana Cay" Science News 18 Oct 86 2pgs. Claims to have found Columbus' landing point. Later refuted in GEOG-INT ART.

BROWN-01 ART "Otras voces: A Case for Multiple Perspectives on El Quinto Centenario" by A. Dolores Brown in Hispania 75 (September 1992 pp. 732-733). Discussion of what the Encounter of Two Worlds should be striving for and how it should be taught, taking into consideration all sides of the issue.

BROWN-W1 ART "The Forgotten Heritage: African-Amerindian Relations in America" by Walton L. Brown from Proteus, Volume 9, Number 1, Fall 1992. Published by Shippensburg University. Rather than a history of European experience, this article is about the influence of African and Amerindians. Bibliography.

CAMREAL1 ART Catalog accompanying the exhibit, "El Camino Real: Un Sendero Historico." Developed by the Camino Real Project in cooperation with the Latin American Institute, University of New Mexico, with generous support from the National Endowment for the Humanities. This file is a list of captions replicated from each of the 36 panels of the exhibit on the Camino Real.

CARIB-01 ART "The Caribbean Celebrates Columbus" in Caribbean: Winter 1990-91, a supplement to Travel and Leisure, November 1990, pp. 8-14. This article contains brief information on Columubus, his four voyages, and celebrations planned for the Quincentennial in the Caribbean Islands.

CCNORWAY ART "Historian claims Columbus may have been Norwegian" in Intelligencer Journal, March 6, 1991, p. A-3. Citing a series of coincidences, historical fact and imaginative interpretation, Tor Busch Sannes claims Columbus' father may have been born in Norway, making Columbus Norwegian.

CCSHIPS1 ART "Archeologists may soon find remains of Columbus' ships" in Intelligencer Journal, Thursday, April 4, 1991, p. A-3. Archeologists are closer than ever to finding the remains of the Santiago and the Capitana, two of Columbus' ships from his fourth voyage.

CHADDOK1 ART "A Flotilla of Quincentenary Books" by Gail Russell Chaddock in The Christian Science Monitor, Friday, October 11, 1991, pp. 10-11. Columbus's voyages are explored by writers who attempt to explode myths and consider the impact of his arrival on peoples in the New World.

COHEN-C1 SPC "Conversion Among Puritans and Amerindians: A Theological and Cultural Perspective" by Charles L. Cohen, Paper presented at the Conference on "Puritanism in Old and New England", Millersville University, Millersville, PA, April 3-6, 1991. This paper examines the transculturation of the Amerindians in the assimilation into Puritan society in New England, and the effects of this new religious culture in their lives.

COLLIS NTS John Steward Collis. Christopher Columbus. Stein and Day, New York, 1977 9 pgs. Covers Columbus' life and the social/scientific evnironment which spurred him to explore.

COPEL-01 ART "The Sailors of Palos" by Peter F. Copeland, American History Illustrated, Vol XXVII, Number 1, March/April 93, pp. Article about the sailors on Columbus' first trip.

CROSBY01 NTS Alfred W. Crosby "The Columbian Voyages, The Columbus exchange and their Historians." American Historical Association, Essays on Global and Comparative History 1987 2 pgs. Discusses bardic writers fo history (contemporaries of Columbus and how they viewed the events).

CUMMINGS ART "The Columbus Family Chapel: The spirit of Columbus still pervades the New World" by Frank P. Cummings in the Sons of Italy TIMES (April 27, 1992). This article describes the Ciolumbus Family Chapel and some of the artifacts that are housed in this historic building.

DEBATE01 ART "The Great Debate" in Christian History Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3). This article uses the arguments of two sixteenth century scholars, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and Bartolomé de Las Casas who argued the Pros and Cons of religoious conquest in North America

DEIROS01 ART "Cross & Sword" by Pablo A. Deiros in Christian History Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3). This article tells of the charecter of the Spanish explorers during the Conquest.

DIETZ01 ART "Ecoside: Legacy of the West" by D.T. Dietz in The Snapper (October 12, 1992 Vol. LXI No. 5 p. 2). This article discusses the lecture given by Kirkpatrick Sale at Millersville University on Columbus Day.

DILLON01 ART "Schools Growing Harsher In Scrutiny of Columbus" by Sam Dillon In The New York Times (October 12, 1992 Vol CXLII No. 49,117).This article discusses the closer examination that schools around the country are giving to the discovery of America and to Christopher Columbus. Also discussed is the revisionist's success in re-writing textbooks used in classrooms.

DONNAN01 ART "Iconography of the Moche: Unraveling the Mystery of the Warrior-Priest" by Christopher B. Donnan in National Geographic, Vol. 174, No. 4, October 1988, pp. 151-55. Discusses the life and role of the warrior-priest in Moche society as hypothesized from the Moche artifacts discovered in Sipan.

DUBIN-01 ART "A high-tech introduction to heritages" by Murray Dubin in The Philadelphia Inquirer, Tuesday, October 8, 1991, pp. 1B-2B. New computers at the Philadelphia Visitors Center give lists of heritage-related locations within the city.

DURANT NTS William Durant The Reformation--A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564 Simon and Shuster, New York, 1957. 15pgs. Chapter XIII. Short synopsis of events occurring in the "known" world between 1300-1564.

DYSON-01 ART "Columbus: For Gold, God and Glory" by John Dyson in The World and I (Dec. 1991, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 357-371). Tells of a recreation of the trip of the Niña as background for recounting evidence for Dr. Luís Coin's theory that Columbus had a secret map and made deceptive log entries. See critique in JUDGE-01 REV.

DYSON-02 ART "A Response" by John Dyson in The World & I (Dec. 1991, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 392-393). Reply to John Judge's critique of Dyson's book "Columbus: For Gold, God and Glory." Defends his conclusions.

ELLEMAN1 ART "The Columbus Encounter" by Barbara Elleman in Book Links, September 1991, pp. 6-13. This article contains a unit of study on Columbus using children's literature, listing many sample books with very short descriptions.

ELLIOTT NTS J.H. Elliott. The Old World and the New: 1492-1650 Cam- bridge University Press, 1970. 13pgs. Discusses the Europocentricity of our conception of history. Also discusses discovery's influence on Europe.

ENCYCLO NTS Duncan Castlereagh, "The Great Age of Exploration" The Encylcopedia of Discovery and Exploration. Doubleday Inc., Gordon City, NY 1973. Discusses how Columbus found America despite his mis- conceptions of global geography.

FASANO-1 ART "Nosotros, Postergados Sujetos de la Historia Universal," by Dr. Federico Fasano Mertens, Director de Republica/Uruguay, article from Ediciones Especiales (No. 13) Mexico, D. F., October 12, 1992. Article in Spanish about the contact between the East and West.

FOLINO-1 ART "The Unwarranted Bashing of Christopher Columbus" by Thomas F. Folino, Esq. in the Sons of Italy TIMES (March 16, 1992). A rebuttal of those who attack Columbus and wish not to celebrate the explorer.

FRENCH01 ART "Sing, O Jamaican Silt, of Columbus's Leaky Ships" by Howard W. French in The New York Times, Saturday, July 20, 1991, p. 2. Summary of the archeological expeditions in St. Ann's Bay for Columbus's last two caravels.

FRENCH02 ART "Pope's Mass at Dominican Monument to Columbus" by Howard W. French in The New York Times (October 12, 1992 p. B7). Reports on the Pope John Paul's pre-Columbus Day Mass at the site of the controversial Monument to Columbus built by the Dominican Republic.

FUNDORA1 ART "Toda Verdad Tiene Matices," by Orlando Fundora, Presidente del Comité Cubano por la paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos. From Ediciones Especiales (No. 13)October 12, 1992. Article in Spanish; an indictment of Spain for cruelty.

FUSON-CC NTS Robert H. Fuson, Translator The Log of Christopher Columbus International Marine Publishing Co. Camden, ME 1987. Discusses Columbus' log and its fate.

FUSON-CC BIB A Bibliography from The Log of Christopher Columbus translated by Robert H. Fuson International Marine Publishing Company Camden, ME 1987.

GAMAREK2 ART "Grants Rejected; Scholars Grumble" by Barbara Gamarekian in The New York Times, April 10, 1991, pp. C13, C18. Talks about clash between the National Endowment for the Humanities and scholars on obtaining funds for Columbus/Quincentenary projects. Scholars want funds; N.E.H. can't provide any.

GANNON02 ART "Spanish Pathways" by Michael Gannon in Humanities, September/October 1991, Vol. 12, No. 5. Columbus and his encounters in the Caribbean. On-going.

GARRETT1 ART "La Ruta Maya" by Wilbur E. Garrett, Editor. National Geographic Magazine, October 1989, pp. 424-479. Five nations in Middle America put aside their differences to collaborate in es- tablishing La Ruta Maya--the Maya Route--an ambitious regional project designed to showcase and preserve their shared cultural, historical, and environmental heritage.

GERMAN01 NTS German Arciniegas America in Europe. Discusses the impact the discovery of America had on Europe.

GERMAN02 NTS German Arciniegas Amerigo and the New World: The Life and times of Amerigo Vespucci. A biography of Amerigo Vespucci.

GERMAN03 ART "German Arciniegas, La Pasion Americana." Entrevista a German Arciniegas (autor: Pilar Lozano) en America 92, Numeros 8 y 9, primer y segundo trimestre de 1987. Article appears in Spanish. Author talks about 500 years of American history.

GERTH-01 ART "Problems Plague the '92 Columbus Jubilee" by Jeff Gerth in The New York Times, Tuesday, December 18, 1990, pp. A1, B16. The Commission is plagued by problems including bad publicity on ex-chairman John Goudie and loss of funding from Texaco.

GIBSON NTS Charles Gibson. Spain in America Harper and Rowe, Scran- ton, PA 17pgs. Discusses Spanish involvement in the Americas.

GILES-02 ART "Christianity in the Americas--Spanish Developments, 1492-1810" by Thomas S. Giles in Christian History, Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3). Provides a brief timeline of European involvement in the Americas as well an overview of world events.

GOLDEN01 ART "Columbus Landed, er, Looted, uh--Rewrite!" by Tim Golden in The New York Times, Sunday, October 6, 1991, Sec. 2, pp. 1, 36. Relates the current Columbus debate (history reassessment) to two movies, a TV series, and an art exhibit with short explanations on each.

GONZALE3 ART "Lights in the Darkness" by Justo L. Gonzalez in Christian History Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3. Deals with the Spanish conquest, Requerimiento, encomienda, Las Casas and other aspects of the European conquest.

GRAHAME1 ART "Joe Laufer Is Ready to Observe Columbus's Feat" by Ellen Graham, Staff Reporter, in The Wall Street Journal, May 16, 1991, pp. A1, A9. Discusses Mr. Laufer's efforts toward commemorating the Quincentenary, along with some current events on the 500th anniversary of Columbus voyages.

GRALICH1 ART "La Herencia Medieval de Mexico" by Michel Graulich in Boletin editorial de El Colegio de Mexico, julio-agosto 1990, pp. 5-8. Article in Spanish. About Medieval inheritance of Mexico.

GROSSMN1 ART "Columbus revealed but in his shroud." Book review by Ron Grossman of The Conquest of Paradise (by Kirkpatrick Sale). In the book, Kirkpatrick Sale chronicles Columbus' career and legacy.

HEDGES01 ART "Columbus National Origin Puzzles Many Paradegoers" by Chris Hedges in The New York Times, October 9, 1990, p. B3. A brief discussion of the debate on Columbus's origins from the 1990 New York City Columbus Day parade.

HERRMANN NTS Paul Herrmann, trans. by Michael Bullock. Conquest by Man Harper and Brothers, New York, NY 27 pgs. Discusses man's conquest of Earth from pre-history to the 1500s.

HEYERDA1 NTS Thor Heyerdahl Early Man and the Ocean Doubleday 1979 12pgs. Discusses the history of man's interaction with the sea and sea travel, for trade, discovery

HEYERDA2 ART "Thor Heyerdahl: Sailing Against the Current" by: Thomas Moore; in: U.S. News and World Report (April 2, 1990). This articles reports the life of Thor Heyerdahl and his archeological dig in Peru of the biggest complex of pyramids in the Americas which may be a missing link in the chain of civilizations.

HISPANA1 ART Letters to the Editor from Hispania, Vol. 73(4), December 1990. Letters concerning diversified meanings of America and the Quincentenary held by different groups in the world. Also a letter discussing the need for bilingual teachers.

HONOR-D1 ART "'City of Brotherly Love' Changes Delaware Ave. To Christopher Columbus Blvd." in HONOR Digest, February/March 1991, Vol. 2, No. 2. Gives Native Americans' views of the proposal to change a street name to honor Columbus.

HUGHES01 ART "Just Who Was That Man?" by Robert Hughes in Time, October 7, 1991, pp. 58-59. No one is sure what Columbus looked like, but enough is known about him that the dispute over his legacy should not obscure his real accomplishments.

INTEL-01 ART "Columbus Day celebrations draw praise, protests" in The Intelligencer Journal, October 15, 1991, p. A-8. Celebrations for 1991 New York City Columbus Day Parade draw both praise and protest.

ITJOURN1 BIB "A Selected Bibliography" by Paolo Emilio Taviani in Italian Journal (1991, Vol. V, No. 5/6, pp. 31-37). Bibliography categorized by subject. Includes writings from a variety of viewpoints.

JACKSON1 ART "Who the heck did 'discover' the New World?" by Donald Dale Jackson in Smithsonian, September 1991, pp. 76-85. Talks about the question in the title, supplying many different answers--each with its own facts, myths, truths, and tales.

JOSEPHS1.ART "Face to Face with Torquemada" by Allen Josephs in The New York Times Book Review (June 16, 1991, p. 11) Review of:"The Life and Times of Juan Cabezon of Castile" by Homero Aridjis. Translated by Betty Ferber. 285 pp. New York: Summit Books

JOSEPHS2.ART Alvin M. Josephs, "Indians of Central America and the Caribbean Area," Indian Heritage of America, Houghton Miflin:Boston, 1991, pp. 219-233.

JUDGE-04 REV "The Unknown Pilot Sails Again" by Joseph Judge in The World & I (Dec. 1991, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 372-391). Review and vehement critique of "Columbus: For Gold, God, and Glory" by John Dyson. Cites evidence against Columbus following a secret map. See DYSON-1 ART.

KREBS-01 ART "Columbus celebration creates controversies" by Jeanette Krebs in The Sunday Patriot News, July 21, 1991, pp. A1, A16. Discusses events relating to Columbus in Pennsylvania.

LEONARD ART "The New Spain: The Frontiers of Faith" OAH Newsletter Nov. '87 3 1/2 pgs. Talks about Texas Humanities Resource Center's Contributions to the Quincentenary celebrations, to include: photo-panel exhibition of documents etc, books, films and slide presentations. Discussion of Columbus' impact on "New World."

MACLEIS1 ART "From Sea To Shining Sea" by William H. MacLeish in Smithsonian (Nov. 1991, Vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 34-49). Narrative trip through North America just before Contact. Looks at culture, wildlife, and climate.

MAHN-LOT NTS Marianne Mahn-Lot Columbus Grove Press Inc. NY 1961, 10 pgs. A biography of Columbus. Includes a calendar of events from 1451, birth of Columbus, to 1506, his death.

MANDELL1 SPC "'Changes in Latitude: Changes in Attitude': Indians and Puritans, 1640-1740" by Daniel Mandell Paper presented at "Puritanism in Old and New England," Millersville University, April 4-6, 1991. This paper deals with the changing attitudes of Puritans in New England towards the Indians of this period and how these attitudes affected the Indian communities in New England.

MANIFST1 NEW The Manifest, March 1992, A Newsletter to the Associates of the James Ford Bell Library, Wilson Library, University of Minnesota. A short history of Hispaniola.

MARCUS01 ART "First Dates" by Joyce Marcus in Natural History, April 1991, pp. 26-29. Discusses early calendars and hieroglyphic writing systems that were used in Meso-america between 3,000 and 2,500 years ago.

MARVEL01 ART "Columbus: The Light of 11 October, 1492" by: J. Marvel, QH TCI, in: The Islands' Sun (March/April 1990). A discussion of the events of the night of October 11 when land was sighted by Columbus.

MARVELS1 ART "1992-93 Academic Theme to Celebrate Columbus" by Susan Marvel in The Snapper, Millersville University Student Newspaper (February 19, 1992, pp. 5-6). This article discusses the events Millersville University has scheduled to commemorate the Columbian Quincentenary.

MCDONL01 ART "The American Information Age Discovers Columbus" by William P. McDonald in Chicago Torch Club Newsletter, pp. 6-10. Discusses the general history of Columbus, his voyages, and present day theories about both himself and his voyages and then relates these ideas to the Information Age of today.

MCMANUS1 ART "Christopher Columbus' 500th anniversary - no celebration" by Michael S. McManus in the Intelligencer Journal (October 10, 1992 p. A6). This article discusses the reason why many people are not celebrating Columbus Day '92,including teh Pope. Addresses the cruelty of Columbus to the Native Americans.

MCNEILL2 ART "Debunking Columbus" by William H. McNeill in the New York Times Book Review, Ovt. 7, 1990, p. 28. A review of Kirkpatrick Sale's book The Conquest of Paradise: Chrisopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy.

MEE-01 ART "That fateful moment when two civilizations came face to face" by Charles L. Mee jr in the Smithsonian (October 1992 Volume 23, Number 7 pp. 57-69). This article describes the arrival of Hern n Cortés to the Aztec empire and the ensuing conquest of the Spanish over the Aztec forces.

MORISON1 NTS Samuel Eliot Morison. The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America Oxford University Press, New York, 1978 6pgs. These selections are a biography of Columbus.

MUELLER ART "Teaching Beyond the Quincentennial" by RoseAnna M. Mueller in Hispania (September 1993, 76:3, pp. 585-592). Lists and examines teaching resources by kind (books, videos, games, texts, journals).

MULDOON1 ART "Columbus-bashing began in 1492" by James Muldoon in The Philadelphia Inquirer, August 10, 1991, Commentary. The Spanish were the first to criticize theviolation of human rights by conquests back in 1492. Examine the conception of human rights instead of just Columbus-bashing.

NADER ART "The Spanish Expansion" NEH Humanities DEC 85 5 pgs. The nature of the Spanish people in the 15th century and how that figured into their colonization of the New World.

NATLREV1 ART "Two in '92" in National Review (July 22, 1983). About planned celebrations of the Quincentenary at EXPO'92 in Sevilla and Chicago.

NEWTON NTS Arthur Percival Newton The Great Age of Discovery Burt and Franklin, NY 1970. 24 pgs. Discusses the continuity of history, calls in to question historians' arbitrary assignment of timeframes to historical periods.

NYE-01 ART "Collect Columbus on your terms" by David E. Nye in Stamp Collector, March 23, 1991, p. 11. Discusses ways in which you could collect Columbus stamps along with the general idea of stamp collecting.

NYTIMES1 ART "Exploring the Great Explorer," Editorial in The New York Times, January 2, 1991, p. A16. An editorial that discusses how much about Columbus remains mystery.

NYTIMES2 ART "Honoring Columbus Backfires in Philadelphia" in The New York Times, Sunday, August 25, 1991, p. 28. Debate over renaming Delaware Street in Philadelphia to honor Columbus.

ODLCASE1 ART "Geographical Background of the First Voyage of Columbus" by Clarence B. Odell and Dale Edward Case, in Cartocraft Teaching Aids (Series 1962-63, Vol. III, No. 5) A Service Publication of The Geographical Research Institute A Division of the Denoyer-Geppert Company, Chicago. The geographical background of Columbus and his crew. The misconceptions that we have concerning the voyage are discussed.

PARRY-01 NTS Selected passages from: J. H. Parry, The European Reconnaissance: Selected Documents, Walker and Co., New York, 1968. Illustrates the European discovery of the remainder of the world from Asia and Africa to the Americas.

PARRY-02 NTS Notes on the book by J.H. Parry, The Age of Reconnaissance, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland & New York, 1963.

PROVOST1 ART 1992: A Columbus Newsletter (No. 12, Fall 1990), edited by Foster Provost. Contains discussions and critiques of a few recently published books and articles about Columbus.

RASKAS01 ART "Curses on Columbus: Some thoughts on the man who (maybe) started it all" by Rabbi Bernard S. Raskas in The Jewish Exponent, October 11, 1991, pp. 3, 53. This article discusses some Jewish contributions to America.

REID-01 ART "Reflections: Waiting for Columbus" by Alastair Reid in The New Yorker, February 24, 1992, pp. 57-75. An overview of Columbus, the Age of Discovery, the indigenous peoples of the New World, and the upcoming commemorations of the Quincentenary as they apply to Hispaniola, especially the peninsula of Samana.

RIDING01 ART "500 Years Later, Latin America Can Forgive Spain" by Alan Riding in The New York Times (Thursday, February 13, 1992, p. 2). This article examines the relationship between Spain and Latin America on the eve of the quincentenary celebration.

RIDING02 ART "6 Ships, 2 Queens, Many Headaches" by Alan Riding in The New York Times (Sunday, March 15, 1992). A comparison of the two movies, "Christopher Columbus: The Discovery" and "1492".

RILEY-01 ART "Conditions For Discovery: The Fifteenth-Century Background of Columbus" by James Riley in The World and I (Dec. 1991, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 28-46). Places Columbus' voyages of exploration within the context of political / scientific / cultural developments in Europe at that time.

SABLE-01 ART "On Coumbus Day, Do We Celebrate a Secret Jew? Historians Weigh in" Jewish Exponent 6 OCT 89 2pgs. Arguments that Columbus was a Marrano Jew.

SABLOFF1 ART "Turning Points: Maya archeology comes of age" by Jeremy A. Sabloff in Natural History, January 1991, pp. 7-11. For generations, archeologists and other scholars have labored to understand the rise and fall of the Maya civilization. In a special series of articles, "Natural History" explores some of the recent discoveries and interpretations that are bringing this work to fruition.

SALTZ-01 ART "Get Lost Berkeley; We Honor Columbus" by Howard Saltz, Editor and Joseph Kasprzyk, Editor Editorial Page in Johnston Tribune-Democrat (Monday, January 20, 1992). This article is a reply to those that would rather honor the indigenous people of North America then to honor Columbus.

SAUER01 NTS Northern Mists University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA. Discusses history of the Iberian Peninsula through Colombus, also discusses Viking forays to America.

SCHELE01 ART "The Owl, Shield, and Flint Blade" by Linda Schele in Natural History, November 1991, pp. 6-11. In A.D. 378, the Maya learned the of conquest.

SCHLESINGER HTML "Was America A Mistake" by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in Atlantic Monthly (Sept. 1992, pp. 16-30). Articulates the range of views on the significance of the Encounter, Columbus, and the Quincentennial. Reviews a variety of past and present opinions.

SCHWARTZ SPC Stuart B. Schwartz. "The Iberian Mediterranean and Atlantic Traditions in the Formation of Columbus as a Colonizer." Presented 21 JAN 86 to the Associates of the James Ford Bell Library. 12 pgs. Discussion of Columbus as a "visionary and a man of stubborn purpose," and the culture that shaped him.

SHREVE01 ART "Christopher Columbus: A Bibliographic Voyage" by Jack Shreve in Choice (January 1991, Vol. 29, pp. 703-711). This article gives bibliographic information on numerous aspects of Columbus's life along with a brief description of the work cited.

SILVER01 ART "Discovering Columbus" by Marc Silver in U.S. News & World Report (October 7, 1991, pp. 91-93). Review of numerous books now in print on Columbus regarding various viewpoints on his life.

SMITH-02 ART "The Search for the Lost Caravels" by Roger C. Smith in American Archeology (Vol. 6, No. 2, 1987). Discussion of Columbus' ships and their archaeological remains.

SMITH-05 ART "The Father of California" by James D. Smith III in Christian History, Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3). This article tells of Junípero Serra's ambition to start Franciscan missions in California during the eighteenth century.

SNOWLAN1 ART "European Contact and Indian Depopulation in the Northeast: The Timing of the First Epidemics" by Dean R. Snow and Kim M. Lanphear, University at Albany, SUNY in Ethnohistory, Vol. 35:1, Winter 1988, pp. 15-33. Why the depopulation of the Indians (by disease) in the Northeast U.S. occurred so much later than that which occurred in Latin and South America.

STANLEY1 ART "The Invasion of the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa María" by Alessandra Stanley in The New York Times, Sunday, June 2, 1991, p. E4. Lately, Columbus is being depicted as an imperialist and genocidal despoiler of the environment by some revisionists.

STONE-01 ART "Columbus and Genocide" by Edward T. Stone in American Heritage, Vol. XXVI, No. 6, October 1975, pp. 4-7, 76-79. Attempts to show how Columbus was responsible, through his actions, for the destruction of the Arawak Indians of the Caribbean.

STRAUG01 ART "The secrets of ancient Tiwanaku are benefiting today's Bolivia" by Baird Straughan in Smithsonian, February 1991, pp. 38-49. Archeologists discover the ancient civilization of Tiwanaku, whose method of farming is helping Bolivian people better survive today.

STUART01 ART "City of Kings and Commoners: Copan" by George E. Stuart. National Geographic Magazine, October 1989, pp. 488-505. New discoveries at Copan in western Honduras help explain the mysterious "collapse" of this Maya capital a millenium ago.

TAYLOR01 ART "Christianity Comes to the Americas" by William D. Taylor in Christian History, Issue 35 (Vol. XI, No. 3). This article provides a brief accounting of the native peoples and missionary groups during the Conquest.

RUBINO-1 ART "El Origen Italiano de Colón," by Maria Teresa Rubino, Colaboradora de EL TIEMPO / COLOMBIA. From Ediciones Especiales (No. 13), October 12, 1992. Christopher Columbus' true nationality. There are those who claim he was born in Genova, and those who say he was from Spain.

TELTSCH1 ART "Scholars and Descendants Uncover Hidden Legacy of Jews in Southwest" by Kathleen Teltsch in The New York Times, Sunday, November 11, 1990, p. 30. Discusses possible Jewish settlements in the Southwest U.S. (New Mexico) in the 1500's and contains comments from a few people who have or are discovering their Jewish roots.

THERNST1 ART "The Columbus Controversy" by Stephan Thernstrom in American Educator, Spring 1992, pp. 24, 28-32. This article discusses the present controversy over Columbus and tries to give a balanced perspective of Columbus and the Age of Discovery.

TIME-01 ART "Rerouting Columbus" in Time Magazine (October 20, 1986). Announcement by National Geographic's that Samana Cay was Columbus' landfall site.

TURNER01 ART "In Focus: Arthur A. Demarest" (On the Trail of a Lost Civilization) by James S. Turner in Humanities, Vol. 12, No. 5, September/October 1991, p. 35. Arthur Demarest discusses his expeditions in search of the reasons why the Mayan civilization collapsed.

VARGAS01 ART "Question of Conquest" by Mario Vargas Llosa in American Educator, Spring 1992, pp. 25-27, 47-48. Discusses the conquest of Latin American Indians by the Spaniards and the past, present, and future of Indian cultures in our world.

VAZQUEZ1 ART "Colon y Los Indios: Revelaciones de la Desnudez" by Juan Adolfo Vazquez in MACLAS Latin American Essays (April 1991, Vol. V, pp. 67-94). Spanish. Views the voyages of Columbus and his companions from the standpoint of their effects upon the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean.

VAUGHAN1 SPC "Puritan Statutory Law and the Indians: A Comparative Analysis" by Alden Vaughan, Columbia University.This paper compares Puritan law regarding the Indians to that of the other colonies in Anglo-America.

VIRGIN-1 ART "Pre-Columbus village unearthed on Virgin Islands." Lancaster Intelligencer Journal, December 11, 1990, p. A3. Archaeologists unearthed a site that could date to 900 years before Columbus first visited the Virgin Islands.

VOYAGES1 CHR Frederick J. Pohl "Chronology of Voyages of Exploration, 1486-1522" Amerigo Vespucci, Pilot Major 2pgs. Chronology of voyages; dates sailed from home port, where they went and when returned.

WALKER01 ART "Discovering Columbus--Again" by Ruth Walker in The Christian Science Monitor, Friday, October 11, 1991, p. 9. A brief overview of Columbus, his voyages, and the quincentennial from the viewpoint of two Columbus biographies.

WATTS01 ART "Columbus's Crusade" NEH Humanties DEC '85 4 pgs. Discusses Columbus' motives for making his voyage, and religious views he held.

WATTS02 ART "Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Churstopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indies.'" American Historical Review FEB 85 30 pgs. Shows a very spiritual man in Christopher Columbus. Influence of religion

WEAVER-1 ART "Exploring the World of Spices," by William Woys Weaver from Saturday Evening Post, pp. 22-24. Traces briefly the history of spice trade and Columbus.

WEAVER-B ART "Controversial author to give lecture" by Brian Weaver in The Snapper (October 7, 1992 p. 14). This article tells of the upcoming talk by Kirkpatrick Sale on Columbus Day at Millersville University.

WEINRB01 ART "It's Columbus Against Columbus, With a Fortune in Profits at Stake" by Bernard Weinraub in The New York Times, May 21, 1992, pp. C17, C24. Article gives a brief description of the two upcoming movies about Columbus and his life.

WHEATLEY ART "Art shows link to heritage" by April Wheatley in The Penn. This article describes the contributions Italian-Americans have made in the art world and the importance they place on the immigration experience.

WIESEN NTS Translated by Richard and Clara Winston, Sails of Hope: The Secret Mission of Christopher Columbus Macmillan Publishing Com. Inc., New York. 1973. Discusses Columbus' Jewish heritage and the Inquistion environment.

WILFORD4 ART "Discovering Columbus" by John Noble Wilford in The New York Times Magazine, August 11, 1991, pp. 25+. Discusses how Columbus has been, through the centuries, the measure of his worshipers and denigrators. "Book Writing by Maya Is Put Centuries Earlier" by John Noble Wilford in The New York Times International, 12/5/91, p. A12.

WILFORD6 ART "Maya Ruins Offer Glimpse of Royalty" by John Noble Wilford in The New York Times (April 5, 1992). This article describes the archeological finds in the Mayan city of Cop n, and the impact these finds will mean to Mayan scholars.

WILFORD7 HTML "Human Presence in Americas Is Pushed Back a Millennium" by John Noble Wilford, The New York Times. Tuesday, February 11, 1997. After long, often bitter debate, archeologists have finally come to a consensus that humans reaches southern Chile 12,500 years ago. The date is more than 1,000 years before the previous benchmark for human habitation in the Americas, 11,200-year-old stone spears points first discovered in the 1930's near Clovis, N.M.

WILLIAM1 ART "The First Seaborne Empire" Oceans SEP/OCT 84 4pgs. Discussion of spread of Portugal's empire.

WILLIAM2 ART "Columbus discussed by students" by John Williams in The Snapper (October 14, 1992 Vol. LXV No. 5 p. 1). This article recounts the mock trial of Columbus at the University of Minnesota in September of 1992. Accounts of the various points of view used in the trial is presented.

WINCHE01 ART "After dire straits, an agonizing haul across the Pacific" by Simon Winchester in Smithsonian, April 1991, pp. 84-95. Discusses Magellan's trying yet glorious circumnavigation of the globe from beginning to end along with the reasons for undertaking the voyage in the first place.

WYNTER01 ART "1492: A 'New World' View" by Sylvia Wynter in The New World, Spring/Summer 1991, No. 2, pp. 4-5. How should we look back on, interpret and mark Columbus' voyages? Sylvia Wynter gives her opinion with support.