RACKLEFF ART "On De Soto's Trail" Historic Preservation, National Trust for Historic Preservation. No date. 5 pgs.Synopsis of the discovery and partial excavation of De Soto's base camp in Tallahassee FL.
RAMENOF1 ART "Death by Disease" by Ann F. Ramenofsky in Archaeology (March/April 1992, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 47-49). This article details the effects of disease on the native inhabitants of the American territories during the Age of Exploration.
REBER-01 ART "Introduction" to the journal on Columbus by Vera Blinn Reber and Lori Madden from Proteus, Volume 9 Number 1.Fall 1992. Published by Shippensburg University.
REID-01 ART "Reflections: Waiting for Columbus" by Alastair Reid in The New Yorker (February 24, 1992, pp. 57-75). This article discusses the different events and celebrations that are planned around the world in different countries, most notably Spain and Santo Domingo.
REITER01 ART "A Medal for Christopher Columbus." The New York Times 12 OCT 86 1pg. How Columbus funded his trip.
RENSBRG1 ART "Columbus Colony in Haiti?" The Washington Post 2 NOV 87 1 pg. Discusses the fate of the first colony comprised of the shipwrecked Santa Maria's crew. Archaeologists believe the site to be on Haiti.
RENSBRG2 ART "Columbus' Berth Reconsidered" 12 OCT 87 The Washington Post 1pg. Discussion of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institiutions' propsed landing site for Coumbus as opposed to National Geographic's, proffered a year earlier.
RENSBRG3 ART "'Where Did Columbus Really Land?' 5 Year National Geo- graphic Study Settles on a Different Bahamian Isle.'" 9 OCT 86 3 pgs. Discussion of National Geographic's proposed original Columbus landing site.
RICE-01 ART "Roots" by Don S. Rice in Natural History, February 1991, pp. 10-14. Resourceful Maya farmers enabled amounting population to survive in a fragile tropical habitat. This is the second in a series of articles that explore recent discoveries and interpretations concerning the rise and fall of ancient Maya civilization.
RIVERS01 ART "Exiles from Andalusia" by Susan T. Rivers in Aramco World, July/August 1991, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 10-16. In the 200 years after 1492, the reconquista drove the Arabs from southern Spain. Many found refuge in Tunisia, where they implanted the crops, architecture, dress and customs of Andalusia--and remember their homeland.
ROACH-1 HTML "New World Pompeii" by Mary Roach. Fourteen hundred years ago a Central American volcano erupted encasing an entire village in ash. Today that modest village is revealing what no stone temple or gold mask ever could: the details of ordinary life.
ROBBINS1 ART "Interest Rises in Celebrating Ties to Sain" The New York Times. 9 JUL 87 2 pgs. Discussion of upcoming events to celebrate Spanish legacy in U.S. not much history.
ROBINS-1 ART Article by Eugene Robinson entitled "Paupers in a World Their Ancestors Ruled: South American Indians still live under the thumb of the conquistadors," The Washington Post National Weekly Edition. July 8-14, 1991. p. 9. Then and now type article.
ROHTER01 ART "Spain Ahoy! Reborn Columbus Ship Heads Back." Alvarado Journal New York Times 31 AUG 87 2pgs. Discussion of the building of a Santa Maria replica and planned voyages.
ROUSE-01 ART "Whom Did Columbus Discover in the West Indies?" by Irving Rouse in American Archeology (Vol. 6, No. 2, 1987). Explains how the inhabitants of the Caribbean played a central role in the early years of the discovery of the New World.
ROSE-01 ART "For some, it's a time of mourning" by: Wendy Rose in: The New World (Spring 1990, No. 1). A lyric account of the sadness felt by a descendent of native Americans on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Columbus' voyage.
ROY-01 ART "Isabella of Castile: Reflections of a Queen" by: Joaquin Roy, University of Miami in: Five Hundred Magazine, Volume 1/No. 1; May/June 1989. Life of Isabella, Queen of Spain, and her impact on Columbus and his voyages of discovery.
ROYAL-01 ART "1492 and Multiculturalism" by Robert Royal in The Intercollegiate Review, Spring 1992, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 3-10. Discusses the current narrow-minded views of many so-called multiculturalists and gives historical facts that show all sides of the story.
ROYAL-02 ART Columbus on Trial: 1492 v. 1992 by Robert Royal, foreword and epilogue by Cecilia Kirk, Young America's Foundation. A defence of Columbus in the face of PC attacks.
ROYAL-03 ART "Columbus As A Dead White European Male: The Ideological Underpinnings of the Controversy Over 1492" by Robert Royal in The World and I (Dec. 1991, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 46-56). Defends the historical notion that the New World's discovery by Europeans was fortuitous. Faults critics of Columbus and Quincentennial celebration as militant environmentalist and radical anticapitalists.
RUBINO-1 ART "El Origen Italiano de Colón," by Maria Teresa Rubino, Colaboradora de EL TIEMPO / COLOMBIA. From Ediciones Especiales (No. 13), October 12, 1992. Christopher Columbus' true nationality. There are those who claim he was born in Genova, and those who say he was from Spain.
RUBLUO-1 ART "Los Conceptos Paralelos en el Nuevo Mundo" by Luis Rubluo, Investigador de la Comisión Nacional Bancaria, article from Ediciones Especiales, Excelsior (No. 8) Reforma 18-4 piso, Mexico, DF, May 12, 92. In Spanish.
RUTTER01 ART "Rediscovering Columbus: MU prof will help mark 500th year" by Jon Rutter, Sunday News (December 17, 1989, pp. 1-2). Article about Millersville University professor and the creation of the Computerized Information Retrieval System on Columbus and the Age of Discovery. Cover historical question also.
RUVALCA1 ART "Measles and Small Pox as an Allied Army of the Conquistadors of America" by Carlos Ruvalcaba, translated by Theresa M. Betz, in Encounters, Double Issue No. 5-6, pp. 44-45. Explains how measles and small pox became instruments of conquest.
SALE-02 ART "The Columbian Quincentenary: A Necessary Reassessment" by Kirkpatrick Sale in OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 5, No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 20-23. Explains why Columbus' 'discovery' was a significant event, dispels various Columbus myths, and reassesses the Quincentenary's importance from today's perspective.
SALE-03 ART "What Columbus Discovered" by Kirkpatrick Sale in The Nation, October 22, 1990, pp. 444-446. A brief history of what Columbus encountered when he landed in the Indies in 1492 along with some effects of the encounter.
SANCHEZ1 ART "The Ambiguity of Legitimacy: Entitlement and the Legacy of Colonialism" by Joseph P. Sanchez, in Encounters (Fall 1992, Issue 10, pp. 24-29, 50). Looks at colonialism and neo-colonialism, and the attitudes which foster an ability to "conquer" others.
SANOFF01 ART "The Myths of Columbus" Conversation with Alvin P. Sanoff. U.S. News and World Report, October 8, 1990, p. 74. Talks about the following: Columbus, the man; the myths about Columbus; and the celebration of Columbus in America.
SAUER01 NTS Northern Mists University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA. Discusses history of the Iberian Peninsula through Colombus, also discusses Viking forays to America.
SCHAFFR1 ART "On the Edge of the Maya World" by Anne-Louise Schaffer in Archaeology (March/April 1992, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 50-52). Discusses the Ulúa marble vases on exhibit at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, Texas.
SCHROED1 ART "Should We Scuttle the Admiral of the Ocean Sea?" by Richard C. Schroeder in The Times of the Americas, May 29, 1991, p. 20. Tells how Columbus is not to blame for atrocities of centuries ago or today, but the human race is.
SCHUES01 ART "Ferdinand Magellan: The Greatest Voyager of Them All." Sea Frontiers SEP/OCT 84 6 1/2 pgs. Short history of Magellan, the unsung explorer and his final voyage.
SCHULTZ1 ART "THE ROLE OF THE VATICAN IN THE ENCOUNTER" by RICHARD W. SCHULTZ for History 392 "Columbus and the Age of Discovery," winner of the Age of Discovery Theme Prize in 1993 at Millersville University. Bibliography.
SCHUSTR1 ART "The Vikings Are Coming!" by Angela M.H. Schuster in Archaeology (September/October 1991, pp. 22-30). An account by the author of his voyage on a replica Viking ship from the ninth century, re-tracing the path of Leif Eriksson.
SCHWART1 ART "The Great Food Migration" by John Schwartz in Newsweek, Special Issue, Fall/Winter 1991, pp. 58-62. The real treasures the explorers brought back from the New World were its foods, creating drastic changes in the global menu.
SEGAL-01 ART "What to do about Columbus" by Aaron Segal. The Times of the Americas, November 14, 1990, Vol. 34, No. 22, p. 5. Talks about the quincentennial celebrations plans for the countries in the Americas and the feelings of countries toward the Quincentenary.
SENSEN01 CWK "Marco Polo: An Inspiration to Christopher Columbus and the Age of Discovery" by Pearl L. Sensenig; Hi. 516, Graduate Course at Millersville University.
SERRANO2 ART "Guatemala y el Encuentro de Dos Mundos" by Ing. Jorge Antonio Serrano Elias, Presidente Constitucional de Guatemala. Article in Spanish from Excelsior Ediciones Especiales (No. 12), Mexico, September 14, 1992. The author suggests that beside having a vast celebration we recognize the suffer, pain and injustices during the birth of the Americas.
SES-DAV1 ART "By My Spirit" by Julieta Sesma and Russ Davidson in Encounters (Vol. 7, p. 10). An overview of the celebration of the spiritual celebration, "Be My Spirit", in Toledo and Jerusalem during May 1992.
SHAFFER1 ART "The Hemispheric Roots of the Columbian Voyages" by Lynda N. Shaffer in OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 5, No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 24-26. Shows some possible origins for the ideas behind the voyages of discovery that come from West Africa and Southeast Asia.
SHIRK-01 CWK "Encounter With the New World: European Psyche Confronting Its Own Dragons" by Willis Shirk paper for History 392, Dr. Thomas C. Tirado, September 20, 1991. This paper presents the argument that the ways in which the Europeans dealt with the New World religious culture was in response to the fear of their own pre-Christian beliefs.
SMALL01 ART "1492: What Is It Like to Be Discovered?" by Deborah Small with Maggie Jaffe in Monthly Review Press (Spring/Summer 1992, p. 13). A review of Small's new book about the invasion of the New World, using poetry, artwork, and illustrations.
SMITH-01 ART "Fathoming Columbus' Caravels" Americas SEP/OCT '84 5 Pgs. Discussion of ships Columbus sailed and archaeological remains.
SMITH-03 ART "Ships of Exploration" by Roger C. Smith in Archaeology, January/Febraury 1991 pp. 48-52. Painstaking nautical sleuthing is slowly yielding clues to how vessels in the Age of Discovery were built, outfitted, and armed.
SNYDER01 ART "Council of Churches condemns Columbus" by Richard A. Snyder. Lancaster New Era, September 19, 1990. This article explains the condemnation of Columbus by the NCC and expresses the opposing opinion of the author.
SOKOLOV1 ART "Columbus the Unwitting: Among the explorer's inadvertent discoveries was the Windward island of Dominica" by Raymond Sokolov in Natural History, October 1990, pp. 34-38. Talks about the island of Dominica in the Caribbean and its culinary tradition.
SOKOLOV2 ART "Stop Knocking Columbus" by Raymond Sokolov in Newsweek, Special Issue, Fall/Winter 1991, p. 82. Fed up on all this self-hating revisionism. Let's raise a glass and hail our 500th.
SOKOLOV3 ART "Montserrat's Secret Gardens" by Raymond Sokolov in Natural History (April 1992, pp. 72-75). An account of the "Seeds of Change" exhibition at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
SOKOLOV4 ART Raymond Sokolov, "This is Quinoa," from Natural History 6/92. An article about the Columbian exchange of foods.
SORRE-01 SPK Lucio M. Sorre. "Christopher Columbus - His Gastronomic Persona" Delivered at the Phileas Conference in November 1989 at Ft. Lauderdale. 6 1/2 pgs. Discussion of Columbus, his men and the food the ate.
SOUBRI01 ART "1892: Centenario sin rostro" by Juan Gomez Soubrier in America 92 (IV Centenario del Descubrimiento de America).
SPAIN-92 ART "Programs and Designated Projects" in Spain '92 Foundation's 1992 Annual Report, (pp. 7-13). Listing and explanation of events, resources, exhibits, and projects sponsored by Spain '92 and Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario.
SPANJEWS ART "Spain Preparing to Celebrate Jews in its Past" The New York Times 10 APR 88 2pgs. Discussion of scheduled events to atone for events 500 years ago.
SPEARS01 ART "Columbus' Colony Believed Found" by Gregory Spears in Lancaster Intelligencer (October 12, 1987). Scientists believe they have found the village, Navidad, built by the crew of the Santa Maria after it was shipwrecked. First European settlement in the New World for 500 years.
STANN-01 ART "Genocide in The Americas" by David E. Stannard in The Nation, (October 19, 1992 pp. 430-434). This article describes the killing of the native population of the Americas during European contact, and the effects this had on those societies.
STAUFFR1 ART "Seeds of Change" by Barbara Stauffer in The New World (Spring/Summer 1991, No. 2, pp. 6-7). This article examines The National Museum of Natural History exhibit, "Seeds of Change," examines five singularly powerful agents of change to the New World--namely, corn, the potato, sugar, the horse and disease.
STEVENS1 ART "Africa: A Place in the Discovery of the Americas" by: William S. Stevens III in: Five Hundred Magazine, Volume 1/No. 1; May/June 1989. This article shows how Columbus honed and developed his navigational skills necessary for his voyage of discovery by sailing up and down the African coastline.
STUART01 ART "City of Kings and Commoners: Copan" by George E. Stuart. National Geographic Magazine, October 1989, pp. 488-505. New discoveries at Copan in western Honduras help explain the mysterious "collapse" of this Maya capital a millenium ago.
SULLIVA1 ART "An Ongoing Voyage, 1492-1992: The Library of Congress Quincentenary Program" by John Sullivan in Library of Congress Information Bulletin (January 29, 1990, Vol. 49, No. 3). An account of the meeting of the Old World and the New.