Alumni Newsletter 2000

History Department
Millersville University
Millersville, PA 17551-0302
April, 2000


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Trouble At The Big-Top

by
John M. McLarnon, Ph.D.
History Department
Millersville University

Being the newest member of the History Department, I was invited to write a few words on the coming of the new Millennium. And, being the newest member of the History Department, I was, of course, more than happy to do so. I have read any number of articles, editorials, and opinion pieces on the subject: retrospectives on the 20th century; what the new century and the new Millennium hold in store for humanity; and, of course, the endless warnings about the attack of the Y2K Bug. I'm not going to address any of these issues. Instead, I'd like to spend a few minutes talking about how our cousins in Great Britain are preparing for the Millennium.

Nearly two years ago I spent spring break in London. While there, I had the opportunity to sit "behind the bar" in the House of Lords and listen to the Lords debate the burning domestic issue of the day. In the U.S., most millennial attention has been focused on the "Millennium Bug" - Y2K. Not so in the U.K. Sure, some are worried about their computer systems going haywire, but far more Brits are preoccupied with the biggest political football of the 1990s - the Millennium Dome.

It seems that Parliament had appropriated £400 million of the £758 million needed for the construction of a huge dome that was to be the centerpiece of Great Britain's millennium celebration. The government money was to come from the National Lottery. The rest would be contributions from the business community. The appropriation had been passed when John Major and the conservatives were in power. They had envisioned a grand edifice celebrating Britain's equally grand tradition. The inside would commemorate not only great moments in British history but also the influence of Christianity on the development of British culture. The greatest moment of all, of course, would be the birth of Christ. After all, the conservatives reasoned, what was the millennium but the 2000th anniversary of Christ's birth? In essence, the conservatives were prepared to spend three quarters of a billion pounds - over $1,125,000,000 - on the biggest birthday party in history. Then Tony Blair came to power.

Many of Blair's liberal associates believed the Dome project should be scrapped. Some noted that only the exterior shape had been determined. What, specifically, would the content be? Was it to be Disney, or an expo, or a theme park? Would it have roller coasters? The Dome, they complained, looked like an empty, glorified big-top in search of something to put inside it. The new Health Secretary described it as "the biggest kite in history." Others suggested that government money could be better spent on such "tedious things as health, education and public transport, rather than on construction of some grotesquely ugly hunk of triumphalist civic architecture designed to imbue viewers with awe and gratitude for their rulers."

Ultimately, Blair decided to ignore the critics. He was interested in seeing the Dome completed. In his mind, it could be "an inclusive national celebration which looked to the future... something that would be the biggest and best in the world." There would be 60 pavilions inside. One would be a "virtual reality safari through the human body;" another a "Frankenstein show on science and it's misuses;" yet another would be a "walk in space to see the earth as others see it." Altogether, the Dome project would provide a national focus, bring the country together, and - no small consideration - be a showcase for Blair's new Labor government. Under the leadership of Peter Mandelson, the New Millennium Experience Company (NMEC) began shaping the liberal vision of a proper millennium celebration. That's when the trouble began.

The NMEC predicted that the contents of the Dome would be "magnificent in concept and breathtaking in execution." It did not take long to take the conservatives' breath away. The Dome was to be divided into nine thematic zones but British history would not be featured anywhere - no Magna Carta, no Armada, no Glorious Revolution. Historical pageants, creative director Stephen Bayley announced, might send the wrong signals to Britain's European neighbors by emphasizing the nation's imperial past. "As soon as you get self-conscious about national identity," Bayley claimed, "things get very awkward." The Lords were furious but Bayley wasn't finished. He next announced that the Union Jack would not be displayed in the Dome. Yes, it was Britain's celebration; yes, it was being funded with public money; yes, it was meant to be a statement of British "achievement, confidence, and prowess." But raising the nation's flag would be far too "narrowly nationalistic." The Lords were apoplectic. The Millennium experience, one conservative critic complained, will not be a journey through time, but a journey into the unknown. Bayley had one surprise left. He could see no place for the representation of the Christian Church in the Dome. One of the nine zones would be entitled "The Spirit Zone" but it would give no primacy to any specific religion. Now it was the religious community's turn to react. The Millennium is the celebration of the birth of Christ, Anglican and Catholic bishops argued. No, Bayley responded, it has little to do with Christianity; it has to do with time. The birth date of Christ, he insisted, is "unproven." Creative consultant Sir Terence Conran agreed: "The Dome will not have an overriding Christian or religious theme; it would be absolutely inappropriate if it did." The NMEC was not about to validate a "national act of Christian worship." And the bishops were not about to accept the NMEC's plans. The Church, the Bishop of Maidstone announced, would have no part in a "hedonistic secular beanfest." As spokesman for the Archbishops' Millennium Advisory Group (AMAG), he insisted on construction, within "The Spirit Zone," of a Christian chapel and a separate space where "those of other faiths could go to pray."

This controversy proved to be Bayley's undoing. He resigned and Mandelson promised that the impact of Christianity on western civilization would be a central theme in the Dome. No sooner had Mandelson and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. George Carey, worked out an agreement that would insure the centrality of Christianity to the project than David Hope, Archbishop of York condemned the Dome as a "monument to human arrogance which contrasts starkly with the true meaning of the birth of Christ." York was particularly incensed with the humanoid figure of "non-specified gender" that the designers planned for the very center of the Dome. Visitors first experience, upon entering the Dome, would be to celebrate the "dawn of a new era" by "riding a moving stairway through the hollowed-out insides of a giant human figure which has no genitals." York saw little cause for celebration. "The great humility of Bethlehem," he announced, "has now become the hubris of the £750 million Dome with its half-man half-woman figure at the center which only reflects the confusion of the age."

While the planners tried to salve the sensitivities of the churchmen, they created yet another furor with their agreement to accept £12 million from the McDonald's corporation. Was it proper, one liberal MP asked, for Mr. Blair's "showcase of British culture" to be sponsored by a "great American fast food corporation which would probably try to reduce it to a large McDome and fries?"

Not that the religious issues were settled. Dome designers decided to split "The Spirit Zone" into twelve sections, only one of which would be devoted to Christianity. Visitors, the publicists said, would pass through a "mist curtain" into an "enclosed white space with water droplet effect on the floor." "This is all about dumbing down religion," Rev. Steve Chalke complained. "People go through a mist curtain into a complete spiritual fog - a fruit salad of religions." The NMEC, in an effort to reduce church opposition, renamed "The Spirit Zone" "The Faith Zone" and planned to include in it a sound-proof "prayer space." Next, the NMEC disclosed that a new condom manufactured by Durex Avanti had been approved for sale inside the Dome. "The condom is made from Duron," the NMEC announced, "a recently developed material which is twice the strength of latex, enabling them to be 40% thinner than conventional sheaths and thus being the first condom to get really close to the natural feeling of sex." Duron, the NMEC declared, was the "condom for the 21st century!" Catholic clerics were outraged. Their Anglican brothers were appalled. Christians and non-Christians alike, they predicted, would be shocked and surprised. Once again, talk of a church boycott spread through the land.

What were not spreading nearly as quickly through the land were the "Millennium Moment Candle Packs." A coalition of Christian churches had conceived of the idea of mailing a votive candle pack to each household in the nation as a gift to mark the millennium. The total cost of the program was expected to exceed £7 million. Unfortunately, the packs were too big to fit through the standard letterbox opening. Urban priests complained that attempts to personally deliver the packs had been unsuccessful because most people refused to open their doors to unannounced visitors, even when the visitor was their own parish priest. In response to numerous complaints from all parts of the kingdom, the manufacturer revealed that the packs had been made purposely too large "so that a child or an animal could not get hold of the pack and eat it."

The great condom controversy had barely settled down when word leaked out that the NMEC had asked the Church of England to pay £50,000 for the honor of being the "preferred religious partner" of the Millennium Dome's official brochure. If the church did not accept, other religious groups - the Church of Scientology perhaps - would be made the same offer. The conservatives demanded an immediate apology from the NMEC for its offensive offer. "It's appalling," MP David Farber opined. "This latest story has let the cat out of the bag and shows that the NMEC sees the issue of Christianity as an unwelcome intrusion into the celebrations."

As December approached, the NMEC was still valiantly trying to complete its mission on time. Christians were still threatening a boycott. Conservatives saw the project as "part of Blair's politically correct program to abolish Britain." Then the Muslims checked in. They announced that they would not use the Dome's designated "prayer space." It was a violation of their religious beliefs to worship in any building funded by gambling (i.e. Lottery) money. They would raise enough money to construct a separate "prayer hall" complete with a "Dome Imam" who would be on duty from sunrise to sunset.

Perhaps in an effort to placate Muslims and other non-Christians, the NMEC announced that "The Faith Zone" would be renamed simply "Faith Zone" because the name "The Faith Zone" was too Christian and risked offending other religions. Use of the word "The" in front of "Faith Zone," spokesperson Jennie Page explained, might imply that there is one faith - Christianity - that is more important than the others. "We wanted to indicate that the Dome was inclusive of all faiths."

The Christian community's reaction was predictable. One critic called the change silly; another labeled it pathetic - a complete overreaction. "Now," the Director of the Christian Institute exclaimed, "it seems that even the tiny residual element of Christianity in the Dome is being watered down." In response, the designer of "Faith Zone," an agnostic whose best known previous work was designing shops for Bond Street merchants, decided to dredge up the entire religion issue. "God," architect Eva Jiricna declared, "is irrelevant to the Millennium." On the very eve of the new millennium there was, once again, Big Trouble at the Big Top.

Through it all, the NMEC persevered, secure in the hope that the brilliance of the New Year's Eve spectacular would silence all critics. Instead, the logistical foul-ups only added more voices of dissatisfaction as "The Event, described by the New Millennium Experience Company as 'one amazing night,' became as tedious and frustrating as a commuter's Monday morning." One of the two new Tube lines was reserved for the Blair and his colleagues. The rest of the 10,000 invited guests had to use the other line. Upon arrival at the Dome, they were detained at the station for up to four hours while security services checked for weapons and herded the crowds through a single metal detector. "Imagine if, on its busiest day in a millennium, the British Airports Authority had decided that Heathrow required only one security scanner, and you have some idea of the result."

At 10:30 PM, the bars, restaurants, and exhibits closed and The Event began. New works of popular and classical music were interwoven with more traditional New Years fare. Troupes of dancers, acrobats, and gymnasts interpreted the music in, at times, rather unconventional ways. As the Daily Telegraph reported: "Latin sex hit Greenwich while England watched. Armies of nearly naked dancers, with tinselled buttocks aquiver and breasts topped with powder puffs on which cherries seem to have been popped as carefully as on a set of Bakewell tarts, trooped and danced, shivered and wobbled across the stage and runway. One man had a three-foot-long, slightly spiky and rainbow coloured penis." The Queen, already uncomfortable at spending New Year's Eve with the public, observed the proceedings "with the same expression that she has employed over her many years watching tribal dances in far-flung Commonwealth outposts while the ladies from Dundee, the families from north London, and the burghers of Britain looked as if they had been dropped on an alien planet."

In the middle of the show, the music stopped and the Archbishop of Canterbury attempted to lead the 10,000 in a Millennial prayer. Only about five percent of the revelers joined in. The interlude seemed "as absurd as a shrine to the Virgin Mary inside the engine compartment of a car." All in all, it was an interesting, if not amazing, night. The much-heralded "River of Fire" failed to live up to advance billing, as did the IRA bomb threat which proved to be just that - a threat and no more. Aside from a lot of lost tempers at the Dome, there was, by U.S. standards, little trouble. Police reported forty-five arrests for drunkenness; eleven for disorderly conduct, seven for robbery, six for indecency, three for assault, three for drugs, and one for criminal damage. And not a single report of an attack by the Y2K Bug.

A Few Words from the Chair, Dr. Jack R. Fischel:

The past few years have witnessed a great deal of change among the History Department faculty. The German history position was filled by Dr. Tanya Kevorkian, who replaced Craig Koslofsky. Presently, we are in the process of selecting a candidate to teach the courses in Latin American history as a result of Tom Tirado's retirement. In addition, Dr. John Mclarnon, a Millersville undergraduate who went on to receive a Ph.D from the University of Delaware, replaced Jim Jolly, who retired. In the next few years, both Jack Fischel and John Osborne may retire, thus dramatically changing the composition of a department that has the same faces for over 20 years.

The department continues to display excellence in teaching and in scholarship. In the last two years, members of the department have had 4 books published as well as numerous articles and reviews in important publications, and our student observation grades have consistently averaged a 3.5, which is among the best in the university.

Dr. John Osborne who painstakingly nurtured the Honor's program to its present successful status has resigned as its director, and Dr. Dennis Downey returned full time to the department after many years as acting coordinator of the Graduate School.

This year the department will sponser the 20th Annual Conference on the Holocaust, the oldest academic conference of its kind in the world. Earlier this semester Frank Bremer organized a well-attended conference on the Puritans, and Dennis Downey has arranged for a major conference in November 2,000 on violence in history.


A Few Words from the Faculty:

Dr. Francis J. Bremer

Since 1996, Dr Bremer has continued to be involved in the exploration of the worlds of John Winthrop. In the Spring of 1997 he held an appointment as a Visiting Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford and an appointment to the Theology Faculty of Oxford University. His article on "The Heritage of John Winthrop: Religion along the Stour Valley, 1548-1630" was published int he New England Quarterly and won the Walter Muir Whitehill Prize of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts for the best essay on colonial history in 1996. An essay on "William Winthrop and Religious Reform in Sixteenth Century London" has just appeared in the London Journal. In the Fall of 1999 Millersville hosted a major international conference on "The Worlds of John Winthrop", which was co-sponsored by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, the Massachusetts Historical Society, Oxford University, and sister schools Indiana and Clarion. Three different volumes of published essays are being prepared from the conference offerings by Dr. Bremer and Dr. Lynn Botelho of IUP. This Spring Dr. Bremer co-chaired a Liberty Fund symposium in Lavenham England on "Winthrop and Cromwell on Liberty." A volume of Winthrop Papers: Religious Manuscripts is nearing completion and Dr. Bremer is now starting on writing his biography of John Winthrop. In addition to his work on Winthrop related material Dr. Bremer has been appointed Associate Editor for the New Dictionary of National Biography, a massive revising of the standard biographical reference for British history. His responsibility is to supervise the preparation of all entries relating to England's seventeenth century colonial empire. He is also writing essays for the New DNB on colonial figuresand seventeenth century clergymen.

Linda Clark-Newman

Since returning from a year's sabbatical in 1996-97, Dr. Linda Clark-Newman has completed a book manuscript on French women's careers in the civil service (slated for publication in early 2001) and also published four articles: "Les Carrieres des inspectrices du travail (1892-1939" in INSPECTEURS ET INSPECTION DU TRAVAIL SOUS LA IIIe ET IVe REPUBLIQUE, ed. J-L Robert (Paris 1998); "Women in France since 1945" in WOMEN'S STUDIES ENCYCLOPEDIA, rev. ed., ed. H. Tierney (Greenwood Press, 1999); "Higher-Ranking Women Civil Servants and the Vichy Regime," FRENCH HISTORY 13 (1999): 332-59; and "Feminist Maternalists and the French State: Two Inspectresses General in the Pre-World War I Third Republic," JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HISTORY 12 (Spring 2000).

Dennis Downey

Dr. Downey continues in his appointment as Acting Director of Graduate Studies through the summer of 2000. In addition, Dr. Downey remains at work on a large research project assessing the interrelationship of race and popular violence in the early twentieth north. One article from this project has been published and two others readied for publication. Eventually, Downey expects to begin writing a book-length manuscript on the subject of "race, riot and region" in the Progressive Era. In the summer 2000 Downey will lead a travel course through Ireland, and he is the principal organizer for a state-wide conference on "Violence in America: Divergent Perspectives" scheduled for Millersville's campus in November, 2000. Downey serves on the editorial board of H-SHGAPE and is on the Executive Council of the Pennsylvania Historical Association.

Jack Fischel

Dr. Fischel published The Holocaust (Greenwood, 1998), and Historicla Dictionary of the Holocaust (Scarecrow Press, 1999). He has written more than fifty book reviews and articles for such publications as Virginia Quaterly, Philadelphia Inquierer, and Holocaust, Genocide Studies, Choice and other publications. Dr. Fischel was named editor of Congress Monthly, the publication of the American Jewish Congress and he was reappointed as a Commonwealth speaker for the Pennsylvania Humanities Council for whom he has lectured extensively to service clubs, churches, etc. He continues to be a consultant on the Middle East for WGAL. Finally, in 1999 he signed a contract with Greenwood to write an annotated Bibliography of the Holocaust.

Tanya Kevorkian

Tanya Kevorkian has been with the department since Fall, 1997. Her field of specialty is German history from 1500 to 1800, and she teaches a course focusing on that period as well as a course on modern Germany. She also teaches medieval, Renaissance, and Reformation-era European history and world history from 1500 to 1800. Since her arrival at Millersville she has developed an interest in Pennsylvania German history, and she is currently offering a new course on 18th century Pennsylvania. In her research, she is elaborating on the insights of her dissertation, defended in Fall, 1997 at Johns Hopkins University, in a book manuscript entitled Baroque Piety: Religious Practices and Society in Leipzig, 1650-1750. This study explores everyday practices associated with religion to interpret the society and culture of the time.

John M. McLarnon

John M. McLarnon joined the faculty of Millersville University's History Department in the Fall of 1999. A native of suburban Philadelphia, he earned his B.A. from Millersville University in 1993, graduating summa cum laude with a double major in history and philosophy. He received his M.A. in American history from the University of Delaware in 1995 and his Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in 1998.

Dr. McLarnon's principal area of interest is 20th century political history, particularly at the state and county levels. Within that rather broad heading he is investigating how politics, especially machine politics, has affected or influenced the course of the civil rights movement, the advancement of women, and the development of organized labor. His dissertation is an in-depth study of the 125-year-old Republican machine that continues to rule in Delaware County, Pennsylvania and he plans to study similar machines in southeast Pennsylvania with a view to determining how and why the GOP has remained so entrenched in that part of the country - a phenomenon that runs contrary to assertions that the New Deal, the maturation of organized labor, restrictions on immigration and the growth of the suburbs all contributed to the collapse of gang politics, or at least the Republican brand of gang politics.

Presently, Dr. G. Terry Madonna of the Political Science Department at Millersville and Dr. McLarnon are researching the career of former Philadelphia mayor and Pennsylvania Senator Joseph Sill Clark.

John Thornton

Dr. Thornton has been quite active as a scholar in the past few years. One of his long term interests is the history of theology, particularly African theology and its blending with Christianity. Kongo, the country of his original specialization, was a country that became Catholic in 1491 and soon developed its own special brand of Christianity. Research on this topic had led to his third book, a focused study of one of the most notable proponents of an Africanized Christianity, called The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-1706 (Cambridge University Press, 1998).

Professor Thornton's interest in the African diaspora and the slave trade began with his demographic research in Kongo twenty years ago, where rich sources allowed him to study vital rates as well as population size. Exploring the connections between population dynamics and the slave trade led him to the study of war, the primary means of enslavement of Africans in this period. Realizing that studies of the conduct of war in the period of the slave trade were lacking, he undertook this study which resulted in his fourth book, Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1400-1800 (University College of London/Routledge Press, 1999).

At present he is working with Linda Heywood of Howard University on our joint interest in the African diaspora on a book which will explore the unusual circumstances that brought Africans to early Anglo-Dutch America. Their discovery that almost all these early African slaves were from Angola, an area of our mutual specialization, led them to propose a book on the topic to Cambridge University Press, for which they have received a contract.

In addition to his academic work and publication, he has become interested in representing African history to a larger public. Since 1990 he has been actively involved in working with teachers to improve the presentation of African in schools. One project from that period, a teaching unit on the Kingdom of Kongo in the sixteenth century, that he worked on along with two Montgomery County (Maryland) teachers, is being published by the Center for the Teaching of History in Schools (UCLA).

Along with general education through schools, Dr. Thornton has been actively involved in museum work. Beginning in 1993, he became a part of the Core Team of the African Voices Project, established to create a new exhibit for the Africa Hall in the Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. This work resulted in being named a consultant co-curator of the exhibit when it opened in 1999. His consultant work has not been restricted to the Smithsonian, Dr. Thornton also served as a consultant on the exhibit, "A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie" (Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Museum, Key West, Florida). He has recently become a consultant to the Maritime Museum in Norfolk, Virginia for their exhibit "Against Human Dignity: The Slave Trade to America", and to the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation (Williamsburg, Virginia) for the revamping of the Jamestown Settlement museum to include a major section on early Africans.

Thomas C. Tirado

After 35 years at Millersville, Dr. Tirado is saying "adios." "I can hardly believe that it's over; but thirty-five years in any job is enough," he said. This is Tirado's first and only job, but he is not going to trade in the classroom for the rocking chair. After trips to Egypt, Cuba and Brazil in the second half of this year, he plans to begin a new career installing computers and helping senior citizens set up and learn their computers. "I have found that I can teach the 60-and-above group of learners without intimidating them. Most want to learn word processing and email in order to stay in touch with their children and grand children. But the 20-year-old sales person more often than not confuses them with all sorts of terminology, or sells them computer systems large enough to run a space station when all they really need is a simple eMachine."

Pending the approval of the U.S. Treasury Department, Dr. Tirado will present the opening address at "The 2nd International Conference on Biodiversity and Tourism" in Holguín, Cuba in October, 2000. In commemoration of the 508th anniversary of the first report on the biodiversity of Cuba written by Columbus in 1492, The Christopher Columbus Nature Park will host a conference drawing specialists from both business and academia. Representatives from around the world will present papers on such topics as history, ecotourisn, architecture, land preservation, cooking, technology and more. Tirado will open the conference with a paper entitled "When Worlds Collide." Professor Tirado currently teaches a perspectives course with the same title. "Not only is the title appropriate for both the course and my upcoming presentation in Cuba, but also the topics of the papers presented by my students in History 392 over the years parallel the list of topics at the conference. I chose the title 'When Worlds Collide' because it covers a broad spectrum of topics."
Despite the title of his presentation and the fact the his hosts know that he wrote a Master's dissertation at Georgetown University on the Cuban Revolution, Tirado said, "I have no intention of turning my presentation into a discussion of U.S.-Cuban relations." This will be Dr. Tirado's third trip to Cuba; earlier trips were in 1960 and 1979. While in Cuba for the conference, he hopes to spend two weeks visiting friends in Havana and touring the southern parts of the island around the cities of Holguín and Santiago.

Dr. Tirado completed recently a manuscript for his third book. As a follow-up to his early work on Celsa's World: Conversations with a Mexican Peasant Woman, the Center for Latin American Studies at Arizona State University asked for a side-by-side English-Spanish translation of his work. The original book has been marketed successfully in Latin American Studies and Women's Studies; the new English-Spanish edition will be marketed in Language Studies for advanced Spanish classes. Tirado is hoping for publication this year. In addition, Dr. Tirado was commissioned by Microsoft Corporation to write a 10,000-word article on Christopher Columbus for publication in the next ENCARTA Encyclopedia.

Finally, Dr. Tirado's legacy at Millersville includes an award winning website on Columbus and the Age of Discovery. Due to the recognition that the site has received, the University has agreed to seal the database and maintain it in perpetuity as a historical archive. It holds nearly 1200 text files mainly covering events and controversies surrounding the Columbian Quincentennary. It will be of inestimable value to those historians in the future who study the 500th anniversary of Columbus' first voyage of discovery. Tirado states, "The way we celebrate a historical event tells us more about who we are as a nation than it does about the event itself."

Letters from the Alumni:

Heather Anne Buettner

(B.A. History/European Studies, 1998)
When I'm not rollerblading on the bike path from Venice Beach to Santa Monica taking in the scenery of my new home in LA, I run a website at http://www.ColonialAmerica.org, work in market research and Financial Services executive search, and am in a Masters program for Early US History at Cal State LA. Just to see exactly how many beanbags I can juggle, I am also the Submissions Editor of Big World Magazine, and am moving to London in June 2000 to work in research at a search firm in the historic district of Covent Garden for six months. While I'm in London I hope to pick up an authentic British accent so that I can quote Monty Python properly, follow the steps of Henry VIII while volunteering at Hampton Court, and drink an awful lot...of tea. Email: hbuettner@mail.com

Mark Cote

Mark Cote ('99 BA History) and his wife, Kristin ('93 BA Business Administration), are currently living in Virginia Beach, VA. Mark is pursuing a Master of Divinity at Regent University School of Divinity. After completing his training, he plans to pastor a church.

Dawn Crowther

Hello from Banjul, The Gambia! I am writing to you in response to a postcard that was sent out by the History Department asking what graduates have been doing since Millersville. During my last semester at college I held an internship with the Lancaster County Planning Commission. After graduation in May 1994, I continued in that office for the next year, working on the Historical Research Project of the Development of the Transportation Networks in Lancaster County. This job complemented by History and Geography degrees as I was able to do historical research while also working with the GIS at the planning commission. This position ended in June of 1995, and by this time I already knew that I was accepted to join the M/V Anastasis in September 1995. The Anastasis is one in a fleet of four hospital ships, and is the flagship of Mercy Ships, an international and interdenominational non-profit Christian mission organization. The Mercy Ships help meet the physical and spiritual needs of the poorest of the poor in port cities around the world. The Anastasis is the world's largest non governmental hospital ship. In our three operation theatres, maxillo-facial and eye surgeries are performed. All of our services are free. In nations where there are not adequate medical facilities or personnel, where most people can never afford hospital fees, these surgeries are often a person's last and only hope. Primarily, our surgeons remove head or neck tumors, repair cleft lips and palates, help repair damage from cancrum oris, straighten crossed eyes, provide prosthetic eyes and remove cataracts. Often people have lived with these conditions for years - 15 to 20 is not an uncommon amount of time for a tumor to grow unchecked. We also have a team that builds wells and latrines while teaching the importance of proper water and sanitation procedures; a construction team which designs and builds schools and medical facilities; and dental and medical clinics which set up on land to provide basic health and dental care. What I thought would only be a 3 month commitment has now been stretched to almost 4 years. Since February of 1997 I have been a long-term crew member. Prior to that I'd completed my 3 months as an associate crew member, gone home and then returned to the ship for a 5 month training course for the mission. The course, which is called a Discipleship Training School (DTS), runs year-round on the Anastasis, is for Christians from varied nationalities and denominations. Each week different international speakers come to lecture on Christian lifestyle and characteristics of God. The 3 months of lectures are followed by 2 months of practical experience helping the needy - usually in developing nations. I spent my two months in a small village a few hours outside of Antananarivo, Madagascar. There, the 8 member team I was part of helped a village of about 100 people to understand and learn basic community health by way of practical teachings. Most of the village had scabies - some due to ignorance, many simply due to poverty. The people were so poor that they could not afford to purchase soap. We helped them wash their clothes in the stream, taught them to clean and spray their huts, and handed out medicine to treat their scabies. After the 5 month DTS I worked for 2 years as the Outreach (Evangelism) Department Secretary. Since October of 1998 I have been the Outreach Department Administrator. The department oversees 2 full time ministry teams - a band and a drama/puppet team. They use these tools to share the Gospel and to open doors into teaching opportunities. Within the department, we also coordinate Mercy Ministry teams. These consist of crew who, in their free time, go into the community and spend time with people, play with children, and do practical work to demonstrate God's love. These teams spend their weekends painting, helping to repair buildings, picking up trash, working in orphanages, etc. We also coordinate teams of crew who have full time jobs - deckhands, galley workers, engineers and so on - and in their free time wish to be part of a team that uses music or puppet/dramas to teach people about God and Jesus. Like the rest of the crew, I am a volunteer and actually pay a fee each month to work. These crew fees cover about 1/3 of the running cost of the ship. My home church, 2 other churches and various individuals financially support me. While living and working onboard, I have developed friendships with people from all over the world and had experiences that I never thought I would in my life. I have also had the privilege of traveling to port cities in 12 nations -- Norway, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, United Kingdom, Togo, Benin, Guinea, The Gambia, South Africa and Madagascar. I've experienced the joy and beauty of sailing - seeing dolphins leap and jump out of the mesmerizing blue water, hoping to catch a whale as he comes up for air, spotting flying fish, and sitting with friends on the bow with a cup of coffee in the night. I've seen the breathtaking beauty of thousands of stars as they appear in the dark sky, 40 or so miles offshore, away from the world's light. I have sailed through turbulent waters, just hoping not to roll out of my top bunk with the next swell. Also, I have crossed the equator 4 times. During this last sail from South Africa, we were probably the first ship in 2000 to cross at O degrees latitude (Equator) and 0 degrees longitude (Prime Meridian). I've been to the medical screenings (held at a site on land) where thousands of people line up in the hopes that they will be one of the hundreds slotted for surgery during our 4-5 month stay in their nation. I have seen the conditions that the poorest of the poor live in and wondered how any human can survive such poverty. I've witnessed the shame and humiliation that people live with due to disfiguring tumors, diseased eyes, and cleft lips. Some of the scenes will never leave my mind - and they still continue to break my heart. I've seen just the surface of the horrible crimes that are committed to fellow countrymen during times of civil war. Last year, while the Anastasis was in Guinea, thousands of refuges were rushing into the country from the neighboring country of Sierra Leone. We heard of the horrible atrocities that were being committed - no other way to explain them but demon-influenced. Yet, at the other end of the spectrum, I have witnessed the joy of those who have received surgeries and now are filled with hope, self-esteem and life. I've seen those who have had eye operations and can visualize the world for the first time in their life. I have also seen the healing and restoration that God's love can give a person, whether they have been physically healed or not. And I have seen one of the many who'd had his hands cut off by the rebels in Sierra Leone, still raising his arms in praise to God. Some things no person can ever destroy or take away. Our ship primarily helps in West African nations (medical and construction projects), and then restocks supplies, recruits crew and raises finances in Europe or South Africa. It has been a privilege and honor to serve onboard the Anastasis. I appreciate my time at Millersville University and how the studies deepened my appreciation for other cultures. I learned that there is a world outside of Lancaster County, and that there is more to history than WHAT happened -- WHY it happened. If I can understand why a person is the way he is (like why some don't use soap to clean a wound, or why some sell all their vegetables, not keeping any for their hungry families), then perhaps I can help to change his way of thinking, thus changing his future so that his life will improve and not be a repeat of his past, his history.

Dawn Crowther
Outreach Administrator
m/v Anastasis
Click here for our St Paul's Mission Website

Donna Donahue

My name is Donna Coyle (formerly Donna Donahue when attending MU). I graduated with a history degree in Dec '93. I got married in '97 to Joseph Coyle. I had a daughter, Allyson Anna, on 10-21-99 I am presently working as a Stop Loss Analyst at an insurance company & have been for litte more than 4 years now. Please say hello to Dr.Jolly for me, if he is still teaching at MU.
I would like to say that I thoroughly enjoyed the majority of my history courses at MU. Unfortunately, I am not using my degree in my career at this point in time so my responses to your questions about most/least useful classes really don't apply to me. I do think the history dept could expand upon their specialized courses. You could offer courses on Indian, Korean, Central American, etc. history. I am not sure if any of therse courses are being offered at MU at this time. I think it's important for students to learn about these little discussed places however, due to the ever-changing world order. Thanks.

David T. Dietz

After graduating from Millersville in 1995, I taught junior high Social Studies for three years at Ephrata Mennonite School. I quit that job in the Spring of 1998. Since then I have worked intermittently for the Census Bureau. I am presently employed as a Social Studies long-term sub at Lancaster Mennonite High School.

David T. Dietz
141 Strickler's Lane
York, PA 17406
daviddietz@excite.com
  

Carol A. N. Fahringer

I recently received your inquiry about what MU's history program(s) graduates have been doing. I graduated from MU in fall '98 with my degree in Secondary Ed. Social Studies (Geography option). I accepted a permanent position teaching 8th grade Social Studies (American History I) last fall ('99) at South Eastern Middle School (located in southern York County, Pennsylvania). I plan to take nine graduate credits this summer through Penn State, furthering my education.
Sincerely, Carol A. N. Fahringer

Kim Graham

Please include my information in the MU History Electronic Newsletter -

Kim Graham, MU Class of 1997 has obtained her Master of Education Degree in Educational Administration in Higher Education from Temple University, May 1999 and is currently employed as the Coordinator of Leadership & New Student Programs at La Salle University in Philadelphia.

Thank You!

Kim Graham Coordinator of Leadership & New Student Programs La Salle University 1900 W. Olney Avenue - Box #412 Philadelphia, PA 19141 (215) 951-1669 (215) 951-5109 - FAX

David G. Greineder

Hello, Dr. Tirado, this is David G. Greineder. I received your card stating that you are gathering information for an electronic newsletter. I don't know if my reply will be in time, but here is my information. I graduated from Millersville University in May 1999 with a B.A. in history, and a political science minor. I have been working in the Washington, D.C. office of Representative George W. Gekas as a staff assistant since January 2000. I hope to return to Millersville in August to work on obtaining my Master's Degree. My long term plans are to obtain a doctorate and pursue a career in teaching American Civil War History at the college level. Dr. Tirado, thank you for taking the time to publish this material for history graduates. I look forward to reading the newsletter. I will see you in the fall.

David G. Greineder
Staff Assistant to The Honorable George W. Gekas (PA-17)

Douglas J. Griffith

I graduated from Millersville University in December of 1996, and since then I have had many opportunities to use my degree in History/Political Science. In 1999, I volunteered my services at the Lancaster Historical Society in the Genealogy Research Department where I helped people look up materials about their genealogy. I also took an Applied History course at Millersville University in 1999 titled Historical Archives, which I enjoyed greatly. I was employed in the University Archives on the top floor of the Helen A. Ganser Library cataloging the papers of Retired Congressman Robert S. Walker, 16th Congressional District Representative. It was through this course and working on the papers of retired Congressman Walker that I knew I wanted to be an Archavist. That is why I will be going to the University of Pittsburgh for my Masters Degree in Library and Information Science this coming May. With this degree I hope to work in a federal, state, or local archives preserving history for future generations to enjoy. In the meantime, I have been volunteering my services at the Lehigh County Historical Society cataloging photographs and other documents related to Lehigh County history. I am also volunteering my services at the Liberty Bell Shrine Museum, a local museum in Allentown. I am giving advice on how to preserve papers and photographs and other documents related to the Shrine in order to prepare for a future archives. I wish you luck on the newsletter, and I hope the information I provided proves helpful. Thank you.

Sincerely,

Douglas J. Griffith
Class of '96
djgriff1@juno.com 

Doug Kimmel

My name is Doug Kimmel. I graduated from MU in 1995 with BS in Secondary Ed. and certification in Social Studies. I taught 7th Grade World Cultures in Prince George's County, MD for three years before accepting a position teaching 8th Grade Civics at Elizabethtown Middle School in Elizabethtown, PA, where I am currently employed. I am presently enrolled at Penn State University (Harrisburg Campus) pursuing a Masters Degree in Curriculum and Education.

Doug Kimmel
590 Elliot Drive
Hummelstown, PA 17036
kimmel99@prodigy.net

Jeanene H. Letcher

Class of 1994
BA History, emphasis in Applied History; Minor in Women's Studies

Married: November 2, 1996 to fellow alum. Mark Letcher, Class of 1994 (BSE English Education), 1997 (MA English, SIU)

Attended Southern Illinois University in Carbondale Fall 1995-Summer 1997
Full Time (I hope to defend thesis and graduate this year with MA.) working toward MA in History with emphasis of study on both Modern American History (Post WWII) and Museum Studies
While at SIU--
*Graduate Assistantship: University Museum (1995-1997)
Assistant Director of Museum on Web Project
*Internship: University Archives (1995-1996)
Project Leader of Catalog Development Project
*Internship: City of Carbondale (1996-1997)
Researching Historical Buildings in Carbondale for National Historic Register Project

Left Carbondale in Summer 1997 for Columbus, worked at a Worker's Compensation Managed Care Organization until Feb. 1998.
Mark is attending The Ohio State University for PhD in English Education, working at OSU's Writing Center and as Supervisor to Student Teachers. Also Adjunct Faculty at Columbus State Community College.

Feb. 1998-Present: Archivist, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Region 6 Archives. The Region 6 Archives houses the closed congregational records for the states of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. I also "counsel" active congregations as to the proper way to care for their records and to set up a church archives.

Jeanene H. Letcher
Region 6 Archivist
ELCA Region 6 Archives
Trinity Lutheran Seminary
2199 East Main Street
Columbus, OH 43209-2334
614/235-4136
Fax: 614/238-0263
jletcher@trinity.capital.edu
  
reg6archives@trinity.capital.edu 

Matt Marran

Millersville '99
Did his student teaching in Kotzebue, Alaska, a town of about 2,000 located 60 miles inside the Arctic Circle. Now, Matt teaches all subjects to seventh graders in the same Arctic school district (Northwest Arctic Borough), but in Selawik, a village of 750 Inupiaq Indians. He has signed a contract for another year. If you are in the neighborhood, drop by; Matt makes a mean pasta with caribou sauce. His e-mail address is: mmarran@selawik.nwabsd.schoolzone.net 

Mike Mulholland

I am writing in response to the card I received concernign an update since graduation.(Class of 1997). I am employed by Cornwall-Lebanon School District as a teacher at Cedar Crest High School where I teach 10th and 12th grade students. Since my graduation I have been busy with my family as well. I was a non-traditional student with a family while I attended MU. I have since added to that family with a new little daughter, Leah, arriving in July of 1998. My family and I live just outside of Myerstown and I continue to be proud of the caring and useful education I received at MU and especially from the History Department. mmulholland@mail.clsd.k12.pa.us

Chris Murray

I am currently working in Philadelphia with Delaware Investments as a mutual fund wholesaler. Although my educational backround of history education does not directly relate to my current profession, I believe the experience has helped me a great deal. I was a school teacher in Atlantic City for two years, and my first years out of college were spent in sales in the Maryland area. I graduated in 1994 and still keep in contact with many of the guys I played football with throughout those years. My interest still revolve around the outdoors and reading modern history. I look foward to seeing the upcoming Millersville review.
Thanks for your interest,
Chris Murray "94"

Gregory Szczyrbak

Hi there. I graduated with a BA in 1995. I am presently employed by Millersville University. I work at the Ganser Library. I recently earned a Masters of Science in Library and Information Science from Drexel University.

Gregory Szczyrbak
Lancaster, PA

Terrance Trego

After graduating in the spring of 1997 I was employed as a 7th Grade history teacher for the Manheim Central School District in Manheim, Pennsylvania. I have also enrolled in the Pennsylvania State University's Master in Public Administration program.

Thank you,

Terrance Trego
ttrego@juno.com
or tregot@mcsd.k12.pa.us 
115 Penwick Drive
Lititz, PA 17543
(717) 626-6175

Jamie (Beaver) Warner

Hi! My name is Jamie (Beaver) Warner and I graduated with a B.A. in history in 1991. I'm currently working on my dissertation at Penn State in political theory. Hopefully, I'll be defending this summer and will soon be teaching the exact same classes Dr. Osborne taught me! Although I am technically a political scientist, I'd be happy to apply for any political history jobs at MU too!!

Thanks and good luck with your newsletter!

Jamie Warner
9th Street #30
Mifflintown, PA 17059
(717) 436-9382
jbw119@psu.edu 

Amy A. Wiker

I received a post card in the mail requesting info. on what I have been doing since graduation so here goes...

Amy A. Wiker
Received History degree-May 1996
Minor in Applied History
Minor in Women's Studies
Worked at the James Buchanan Foundation for the Preservation of Wheatland as a Registrar/Tour Coordinator. Have worked for the last 3 years in Human Resources, currently working for Anco Insurance as a Recruiter/HR Generalist. Moved to College Station, TX in 1998 where my boyfriend is pursuing his PhD. When he receives his degree we are planning on returning to the Northeast. My plans include returning to school to obtain my masters in museum studies. I think this newsletter is a great idea and a great way to keep in touch w/ fellow classmates and professors. Thank you! awiker@yahoo.com 

Diane Wollaston

Since earning my M.A. in American History at Millersville University, I have continued my education at both Millersville University and Penn State University. I earned my social studies supervisory certificate from Millersville. I then went to Penn State and earned my secondary principal certificate. I am currently the social studies coordinator for the Elizabethtown Area High School social studies department.

Diane Wollaston
Social Studies Dept. Chair
Elizabehtown Area High School
wollast@etown.k12.pa.us
  

Gregory Wynn

I trust this finds you doing well! And, I hope that all is well at MU. I haven't been back in recent years, but I do intend to get back for Homecoming this year and am looking forward to it. I recently received the postcard requesting information on what graduates of the History Department have been doing since graduation. Well, I'm currently on active duty in the Marine Corps---a Captain, in the field of communications/information systems. I work with everything from tactical radios and satellites to computer networks and high speed data transmissions. Don't ask how I ended up in that field with a love of history---polar opposites, eh?! I spent 4 years stationed at Kaneohe, Hawaii and traveled throughout the Western Pacific. A great experience. I'm currently serving as the Communications Officer for the Marine Corps' Chemical Biological Incident Response Force (CBIRF) at Camp Lejeune, NC. CBIRF is one of the very few of the country's units which are capable of responding to a terrorist incident involving chemical or biological weaponry---a small, elite unit with extraordinary capabilities. Truly America's "911", especially considering the heightened sensitivity in recent years to this type of attack, and it's likelihood. While attached to CBIRF I've traveled to the Middle East and Europe and have participated in the NATO Summit in April and have even worked with the FBI's hostage rescue team! CBIRF will be picking up and moving to Indian Head, MD this Summer in order to be closer to the Washington, DC area. At that time, I hope to pursue a Masters Degree in history or a related field at one of the universities in the area. On the personal front, I still have a love of history---particularly Theodore Roosevelt and his era. My collection of Theodore Roosevelt memorabilia is perhaps one of the largest private collections in the country and consists of everything from letters he wrote to campaign items and over 1000 books by or about him, to include first editions of every book he authored. I enjoy writing. I've had articles published in the "Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal" and an article on information technology in the "Marine Corps Gazette"---the USMC's professional journal. I received a great education from MU and, in particular, enjoyed immensely the classes I took from you on the "Age of Discovery"....good stuff. The faculty in the History Department from you to Dr. Madonna to Dr. Kopple were outstanding. Most importantly, it fostered a desire for lifelong learning, writing, reading, and pursuit of knowledge---for nothing more than knowledge's sake---a great testimonial to some great professors...perhaps the best qualities one can receive from a humanities major and a university. So, whether any of this is of any use to the newsletter, I don't know. But, since I noticed your e-mail account was the addressee---I figured I would take the time and say thanks.

Best,
Greg Wynn
wynng@iimef.usmc.mil