| MATHEMATICS | GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS | THERMODYNAMIC CONSEQUENCES | IDEAL GAS CONSEQUENCES | IDEAL GAS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS | |
| Temperature can be measured. | Absolute temperature scale is special and n is the proper measure of quantity. | ||||
| n is evidence for the existence of microscopic structure | PV =nRT | ||||
| Adiabatic work is path-independent | First Law: Internal energy exists and is a state variable. | ||||
| Dissipative work is equivalent to heat | Heat flow is energy transfer. dU=dQ-dW | ||||
| Identities based on the existence of an equation of state | PV^gamma = constant on adiabat | gamma is constant for an ideal gas | |||
| U is a function of T only. | Free expansion of ideal gas has Delta T=0 | ||||
| S IS A STATE VARIABLE | Integral dS round a Carnot cycle is zero | ||||
| Heat flows from hot to cold | Second Law of Thermodyanmics | ||||
| No engine is more efficient than Carnot | Carnot engine efficiency | ||||
| First Law for states | |||||
| Identities based on the existence of an equation of state, and the path- | MAXWELL RELATIONS | ||||
| independence of state variables | n is evidence for the existence of microscopic structure | Cp-Cv=nR (IDEAL) and Cp and Cv are constants | gamma temperature independent | ||
| Values for gamma for different gas species fall in clusters | gamma variation is evidence for the existence of microscopic structure | Correct calculate of speed of sound in a gas allows determination of gamma | |||
| agrees with a particular microscopic model | U=3/2 nRT | ||||
| u=sigma T^4 for black body radiation | Prad = u/3 (RAD PRESS AGREES WITH EM THEORY) | ||||
| Cv ~ T^3 (AGREES WITH HEAT CAP IN SOLIDS) |
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